Oceanography || with Complete Solutions.
3 major advantages of SEM over light microscope correct answers Resolution: the ability to
distinguish fine detail, Magnification: can magnify objects thousands of times, and Depth of
Field: much greater than a light microscope. 3-D image of surface samples. Uses an electron
beam as its illumination source
What length unit was mentioned frequently correct answers UM or micrometer
Parts of an SEM correct answers Know it
What lens is used? correct answers Objective, electromagnetic and condenser lens.
Two types of diatoms? correct answers Pennate Diatom: structural center is line (bilateral
symmetry)
Centric Diatom: structured center point
Why was the word raster mentioned? correct answers its helps the beam move back and forth on
the SEM
What details of plankton can an SEM see? correct answers elemental composition of a sample;
identification and classification of a sample
Coccoliths correct answers ..., Tiny calcareous discs averaging about 3 micrometers in diameter
that form the cell wall of coccolithophores
Foraminifera correct answers calcium carbonate (calcite) , [animal-like] Unicellular. Produce
calcareous tests (shells) with pores through which cytoplasmic projections extend.
What was the ADIOS project? correct answers large silica particles (>75um) are transported
thousands of miles from their source in the Gobi desert and dump into the North Pacific
smaller particles of calcium, clay, and iron are transported
some of these particles were being ingested by marine organisms
Sediment traps? correct answers to catch dust storms, collected dust, analyze, filtered pads, size
pads, analyze 1000 of dust particles, electron beam collect x-ray spectrum to find out what the
particle size and composition is.
China Dust correct answers In the Gobi deserts there are huge storms that blanket an area, people
wear masks to breathe, occurs periodically dump a lot in the group and in the atmosphere, and
travels and dumps in the ocean. Asia dust input to the oceanic system. Questions regarding
where the dust ends up.
Where does the dust go? correct answers into the oceanic system
,Different Applications of an SEM correct answers other hardware and image analysis software is
used for rapid sizing and chemistry of small dust size particles.
How can oceanographers get to areas of interest for sampling? correct answers SCUBA,
submersibiles, boats/ships and satellites.
Know the 4 most important parameters of sampling? correct answers location, depth,
temperature, and salinity
How is location determined? correct answers study site/and or station
latitude and longitude
past- chart and compass
today- gps
global positioninng system
satellite navigation system
four satellite singals are processed by a receiver which then computes a 3-D position, velocity,
and time
Know the different ways to measure depth. correct answers past-sounding line : length of thin
line w/ plummet at its end
Today- electronic devices
echo sounder- determines the depth of water by measuring the time it takes sound (sonic pulse)
produced just below the water surface to return, or echo from the bottom of the body of water
(fish finders: record depth)
Depth sensor: measures the pressure to determine the depth
bathmetry correct answers the measurement of oceans depth and charting of the shape or
topography of the ocean floor,.
SCUBA correct answers Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
ROV correct answers Remotely Operated Vehicle
Know what water quality parameters are measured and how. How to collect samples of
seawater? correct answers temperature, salinity, pH, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, nutrients,
and tubidity
Why was the word Niskin used? correct answers it's a deep water sample: it's a bottle for
collecting water samples at depth, stoppers on each end are held in place by springs, deployed
with stoppers cocked open, lowered to desired depth and triggered with a messenger. Can also
deploy several bottles simultaneously in a rosette.
How is temperature measured? correct answers with a thermometer or sensor and global surface-
satellite (only measures temperature at water's surface)
, Why was a comparison made between January and August in the Gulf of Mexico? correct
answers The different colors represent how the temperature changes vastly
What ways were mentioned to sample plankton, invertebrates, and fish? correct answers
plankton net, mocness, , benthic grab, dredges, seine nets and otter trawl
What is a MOCNESS? correct answers Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental
Sampling System: multiple nets controlled by computer, one at a time, nets are opened and
closed at desired depths, sensors recording depth, salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll
concentration and flow are mounted on the frame
What is benthic grab used for? correct answers to collect bottom sediment samples.
Know about 4 different studies FWC is working on as described by Dr. Parker. The four studies
fall into two categories, what are they? correct answers molluscan fisheies: bays scallops and
oysters, bay scallop diversity, oyster density, bay scallop recruitment, and oyster recruitment.
Niskin correct answers plastic tubes on a weighted line that is lowered into the ocean to collect
water samples.
Turbidity correct answers the measurement of water cloudiness; it may be affected by such
things as sediment and plankton concentrations
Benthic grab correct answers Device designed to collect bottom sediment samples. Different
types of benthic grabs are used. Most consist of a pair of hinged jaws and a lever system with a
release catch that allows the jaws to close on the bottom. The Chesapeake Bay Monitoring
Programs use a Young grab that samples an area of sediment of 440 squared centimeters.
Rosette correct answers A dense cluster of leaves spiralling around a stem which fails to elongate
(e.g. mullin, dandelion)
Plankton net correct answers net towed or dipped to gather plankton samples
Spat correct answers a young oyster or other bivalve
GPS correct answers a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine
the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by computing the time difference for signals
from different satellites to reach the receiver (Geographic Position System)
Refractometer correct answers an instrument measuring light refraction as it passes through a
liquid-specific gravity
Seine net correct answers A huge net which corners the fish. It hangs vertically. Two people can
hold it.
