biological foundations of behavior || Already Passed.
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Module
Biological foundations of behavior
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Biological Foundations Of Behavior
name the four characteristics that allow the nervous system to direct human behavior. correct answers complexity, integration, adaptability, electrochemical transmission
complexity correct answers multitude of functions; numerous nerve cells participate in each of these activities
integration...
name the four characteristics that allow the nervo
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biological foundations of behavior || Already Passed.
name the four characteristics that allow the nervous system to direct human behavior. correct
answers complexity, integration, adaptability, electrochemical transmission
complexity correct answers multitude of functions; numerous nerve cells participate in each of
these activities
integration correct answers draws experiences together, sensory inputs put together so that we
can function
adaptability correct answers brain and nervous system together serve as our agent for adapting to
the world, nerve cells constantly adapting to changes in the body and the environment
electrochemical transmission correct answers when an impulse travels down a nerve cell
(neuron) it does so electrically -> gets to end, communicates with the next neuron using
chemicals
afferent (sensory) correct answers carry info to the brain and spinal cord, communicate info
about the external environment (sunrise) and internal conditions (hunger) from sensory receptors
-> b&s
efferent (motor) correct answers carry info out of brain and spinal cord -> the nervous system's
output, communicate info from b&s to other areas of body including muscles and glands
what are the two main parts of the autonomic nervous system, and what is the function of each?
correct answers sympathetic (sns)- arouses the body to mobilize it for action, fight or flight
parasympathetic (pns) - calms the body, rest and digests
what are neurons, and what are their three parts? correct answers neurons - nerve cells that
handle info processing (100 billion); cell body, dendrites, axon
cell body correct answers contains nucleus which directs manufacture of substances that the
neuron needs for growth and maintenance
dendrites correct answers treelike fibers projecting from a neuron, receive info and orient it
towards the neuron's cell body (can receive input from many other neurons bc of large surface
area)
axon correct answers carries info away from the cell body toward the cells (can be very long)
what is meant by the neuron's action potential? how does the all-or-nothing principle apply to it?
correct answers action potential - describes brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps
down the axon (last 1/1000 of a second), a neuron sends an action potential -> it fires
, all-or-nothing principle - once electrical impulse reaches certain level of intensity (threshold) it
fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any of its intensity -> communicated
by rate of blips coming down the axon
what do neurotransmitters do? correct answers carry info across synaptic gap to the next neuron,
when nerve impulse reaches terminal button it triggers release of neurotransmitter molecules
from synaptic vesicles; after message is delivered some of neurotransmitter is used up in
production of energy, some is reabsorbed by the axon that released it to await next neural
impulse
name four specific neurotransmitters and describe the role each plays. correct answers
acetylcholine (ACh), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, norepinephrine
acetylcholine (ACh) correct answers stimulates firing of neurons and is involved in muscle
action, learning, and memory, found throughout cns and pns
gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) correct answers "brake pedal" - inhibits firings of neurons to
regulate and control the precision of the signal being carried from one neuron to the next,
believed to be present in as many as 1/3 of brain's synapses, found throughout cns
glutamate correct answers most prevalent, accelerator - key role in exciting many neurons to fire
and is involved in learning and memory, too much can overstimulate brain and trigger migraine
or even seizures
norepinephrine correct answers response to stress, inhibits firing of neurons in cns but
simultaneously excites the heart muscle, intestines, urogenital tract, helps control alertness
what specific part of the brain is responsible for directing our most complex mental functions,
such as thinking and planning, and where is it located? correct answers the cerebral cortex;
located in the forebrain
in what ways are the brain's left and right hemispheres specialized in terms of their functioning?
correct answers left hemisphere - much language processing and production comes from this
hemisphere (reading, singing), can direct us in solving some basic spatial puzzles
right hemisphere - processing of nonverbal info such as spatial perception, visual recognition,
and emotion, source of human verbal abilities and some language as well
what is the endocrine system's function, and what role do hormones play in it? correct answers it
consists of a set of glands that regulate activities of certain organs by releasing their chemical
products into the bloodstream
chemical messengers produced by glands called hormones are carried to all parts of the body and
the membrane of every cell has receptors for one or more hormones
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