AC-HPAT Final Exam Prep – With Questions & Solutions (Graded A+)
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Module
AC-HPAT Biology
Institution
AC-HPAT Biology
AC-HPAT Final Exam Prep – With Questions & Solutions (Graded A+)
AC-HPAT Final Exam Prep – With Questions & Solutions (Graded A+)
What is a centriole? - ANSWER - a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in...
, AC-HPAT Final Exam Prep – With
Questions & Solutions (Graded A+)
What is a centriole? - ANSWER - a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal
cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell
division.
What is a chromosome? - ANSWER - A structure carrying genes is a linear
sequence, found in the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
What is DNA? - ANSWER - A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable
of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up
the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in determining
heredity.
What is RNA? - ANSWER - A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in
protein synthesis. It is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA
to specialized sites within the cell where the information is translated into protein
composition.
What is a nucleotide? - ANSWER - A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic
acids. RNA and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide
consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached
to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
What is transcription? - ANSWER - Transcription is the process by which the
information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA
(mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins
mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
What is translation? - ANSWER - Translation is the process by which a protein is
synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA
(mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for
the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - ANSWER - Endocytosis is the process of
capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell
membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles
fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the
cell
What is a chromotid? - ANSWER - each of the two threadlike strands into which a
chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix
of DNA.
What is an allele? - ANSWER - An alternative version of a gene; one from each
parent.
,Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - ANSWER -
Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - ANSWER - Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of: - ANSWER - Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - ANSWER - Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in
biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One
molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then
used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled
according to genetic instructions? - ANSWER - Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - ANSWER - The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - ANSWER - A cell that lacks a true nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER - A cell that contains a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER - A catabolic pathway for the production of
ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic
fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
What is anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER - A form of cellular respiration that does
not involve oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - ANSWER - Form of cellular respiration which requires
oxygen to generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell
membrane: - ANSWER - Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive
Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - ANSWER - Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - ANSWER - A form of asexual reproduction in which the
parent divides into two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis? - ANSWER - The division of cytoplasm into two identical
daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - ANSWER - A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - ANSWER - A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
, What is chromatin? - ANSWER - The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes
are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA
What is a phenotype? - ANSWER - An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits.
What is a genotype? - ANSWER - An organism's genetic makeup.
When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white one, all the F1 hybrids have pink
flowers. This is an example of: - ANSWER - Incomplete dominance
Traits that are alternatives to the wild type (for example, white eyes in a fruit fly as
opposed to the usual red) are called: - ANSWER - Mutant phenotypes
Lethal recessive mutations are perpetuated by the reproduction of carriers with
normal: - ANSWER - Phenotypes
The aorta is indicated by number: - ANSWER - 7
pulmonary artery - ANSWER - 8
Inferior Vena Cava - ANSWER - 4
pulmonary valve is indicated by number: - ANSWER - 5
Tricuspid Valve - ANSWER - 3
The superior vena cava is indicated by number: - ANSWER - 1
Aorta - ANSWER - 7
The right atrium is indicated by number: - ANSWER - 2
Right ventricle - ANSWER - 6
Left atrium - ANSWER - 9
Pulmonary vein - ANSWER - 10
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve - ANSWER - 11
Left Ventricle - ANSWER - 12
Aortic Valve - ANSWER - 13
How many chambers does the human heart have? - ANSWER - Four
Which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood? - ANSWER - The aorta.
Which type of vessel contains valves? - ANSWER - Veins
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