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AQA PSYCHOLOGY: SOCIAL INFLUENCE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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AQA PSYCHOLOGY: SOCIAL INFLUENCE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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AQA PSYCHOLOGY: SOCIALINFLUENCE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Name and define the 3 types of Confomity - Answer-COMPLIANCE - change behaviour
to fit in, don't agree in private but go along in public - last as long as group is present -
linked to Normative social influence
IDENTIFICATION - adjust because membership is desirable, conforming to behaviour
of role model - private and public acceptance - temporary
INTERNALISATION - change in public and private views - most permanent form as it
can continue without presence of group - linked to Informational social influenced
Outline how Asch studied conformity - Answer-123 male students told they were taking
part in visual perception task. Lab setting. 6 confederate and 1 real participant sitting
second to last. Confederate gave wrong answer on critical trials
What did Asch find in his study of conformity? - Answer-On 37% of critical trials the
participant also gave the wrong answer - compared to error rare in 0.7% in control
Majority who gave wrong answer indicated they didn't want to stand out
Majority can influence minority even in unambiguous situations
Strength of Asch's study of conformity - Answer-Lab study means high control of
variables - number of participants and where they sat... show cause and effect and be
confident that IV influenced the DV
4 weaknesses of Asch's study of conformity - Answer-1) Lab study means low
ecological validity - task was artificial and not like every day conformity... not
generalised to conformity in real like. Only assessed conformity in strangers, been
found even greater among friends
2) Biased sample - male... lacks population validity and may not represent conformity in
females
3) Lacks historical validity - 1950's America was more conformist - Perrin and Spencer =
replication using engineering students in UK and found 1/396 trials did a student
conform - cultural change and people are possibly less conformist today... not reflective
of conformity in today's society and Asch's study is a child of its time
4) Ethical issues - didn't provide fully informed consent and misled about key aspects of
procedures and place in difficult and embarrassing position... psychological harm
3 variables affecting conformity and research support - Answer-UNANIMITY -
conformity rates increase when majority influence is unanimous - ASCH - one
confederate who went against others - dropped from 37% to 5.5%. If rebel went against
others and real answer still dropped to 9%
, TASK DIFFICULTY - greater conformity rates when task difficulty increases as right
answer is less obvious so look for guidance - ASCH - increased task difficulty but
making comparison lines close in length and found more likely to conform to wrong
answer
GROUP SIZE - conformity rates increase as size of group increases up to a point -
ASCH - altered group size by having different numbers of confederates - 3 conformity
increased but addition of further confederates made little difference
Normative social influence as an EXPLANATION for conformity + evaluation - Answer-
based on desire to be liked, acceptance and belonging to a group - rewarding and have
the power to punish others - Explain compliance as may conform on surface but
privately maintain own views
ASCH - interviewed after experiment, participants who conformed said they knew the
answer they gave was wrong but thought they would have looked stupid... shows
conforming to be accepted
GARANDEAU & CILLESSEN - people who do not have many close friendships tended
to be manipulated more easily by bullies to be accepted
Informational social influence as an EXPLANATION for conformity + evaluation -
Answer-based on desire to be right, conform because do not know what to so but want
to be correct. Believe majority is likely to know more and give info about how to behave
- involves internalisation
SHERIF - auto-kinetic illusion - estimate how far dot moved - judgements individually,
then in groups of 3 out loud. Estimates overtime gradually became closer together and
week later still gave same judgements... unsure on correct answer so looked to others
for information
LUCAS - maths problems that were easy/difficult - greater conformity in difficult ones -
true for most students who rated mathematical ability as poor... conform when felt they
didn't know the answers
EXPLANATIONS OVERLAP - look at others for information but partly because we don't
want to be different
Who conducted a study into conformity and what was his procedure? - Answer-
ZIMBARDO - Mock prison is basement of Stanford Uni
24 emotionally stable student volunteers randomly assigned role of guard or prisoner
Arrested by local police and delivered to prison - blindfolded, strip-searched, deloused,
uniform, number
Social roles: clearly divided
Identification to roles: prisoners follow rules enforced by guards and referred to by
number. Guards wore uniform, mirrored shades
What did Zimbardo find in his study of Conformity to Social Roles - Answer-Stopped
after 6 days due to threat to mental and physical health
Interaction was hostile and dehumanizing
Guards - aggressive and abusive
Prisoners - passive and depressed - 5 had to be released early
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