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CPH Exam: Epidemiology questions with verified solutions graded A+
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CPH Exam: Epidemiology questions with verified solutions graded A+
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CPH Exam: EpidemiologyEpidemiology - correct answer ✔✔*the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease
in populations.
Endemic disease - correct answer ✔✔*habitual presence of disease within a given geographic area
Epidemic - correct answer ✔✔*Occurrence in a community of a group of illnesses of similar nature in
excess of what would normally be expected. Amount of disease depends on # susceptible (at risk) and #
not susceptible by way of immunization, past disease or genetics.
Pandemic - correct answer ✔✔*worldwide epidemic
Outbreak types: Common source - correct answer ✔✔*group of persons exposed to common agent
*point-exposed over a brief period of time
*intermittent-exposed over a long period of time.
Outbreak types: Propagated - correct answer ✔✔*spreads gradually from person to person.
Outbreak types: Mixed epidemic - correct answer ✔✔*common source and from person to person.
Outbreak Investigation Steps - correct answer ✔✔1. Define the epidemic
--cases, population at risk, determine attack rate, primary case, secondary case, secondary attack rate.
2. Look for the time-place interactions of cases, persons
3. Look for combinations of variables
4. Develop hypothesis
5. Recommend control measures
, Attack rate - correct answer ✔✔*number of people at risk who develop the disease/number of people
at risk
Primary case - correct answer ✔✔*the person who gets the disease form the source
Secondary Case - correct answer ✔✔*the person who gets the disease from the primary case.
Secondary attack rate - correct answer ✔✔*person to person spread
*number of persons who got sick via the primary case/number of persons exposed to primary case.
Incidence - correct answer ✔✔*measure of risk (new cases)
Prevalence - correct answer ✔✔*measure of the burden of disease in a community (new and pre-
existing cases)
*point prevalence: at a specific point in time
*period prevalence: during a specific period of time.
Morbidity - correct answer ✔✔*the occurrence of disease in populations; the number of cases of a
particular disease reported within a particular society and within a particular period of time.
Mortality - correct answer ✔✔*proportion in a population that dies during a specified period.
Case Fatality (CF) or fatality rate - correct answer ✔✔*measures the severity of disease.
*it is the ratio of deaths within a designated population of people with a particular condition, over a
certain period of time.
Primary prevention - correct answer ✔✔*prevent the disease from occurring (e.g. immunization)
Secondary prevention - correct answer ✔✔*modify the severity of the extent of the disease (e.g. better
access to emergency care)
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