RHSC420 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Describe the pupillodilator reflex - Answer-1) Afferent info in T1 spinal segment in response to emotional stimuli in higher centers
2) Preganglionic afferents leave SC travel to superior cervical ganglion
3) Postganglionic fibers travel to orbit by V1...
RHSC420 Exam Questions
with Correct Answers
Describe the pupillodilator reflex - Answer-1) Afferent info in T1 spinal segment in
response to emotional stimuli in higher centers
2) Preganglionic afferents leave SC travel to superior cervical ganglion
3) Postganglionic fibers travel to orbit by V1-CN5
4) Branch off V1-CN5 as long ciliary nerves and innervate dilator pupillae
Describe the corneal blink reflex - Answer-1) stimuli on cornea
2) afferents travel by V1-CN5 to trigeminal sensory nucleus
3) synapse with trigeminal interneuron
4) project to CN7
5) CN7 innervates orbicularis oculi
What coordinates convergence/divergence? - Answer-Vergence centers in CN3 (near) /
CN6 (far)
Describe the pathway for accommodation - Answer--Relies on the supraoculomotor
area (SOA)
1) SOA bilateral projection to vergence centers in CN3
2) SOA bilateral projections edinger-westphal nuclei, parasympathetic signals to
constrict pupil
3) Parasympathetic stimulation of ciliary mm changes shape of lens
Functions of utricle/saccule v semicircular ducts - Answer-Utricle/saccule: linear
acceleration
semicircular ducts: head ROT/acceleration
Describe the central projection pathway for vestibular system - Answer-1) Afferents
travel through CN8 to vestibular ganglion
2) vestibular ganglion projects to pontomedullary junction
3) afferents enter vestibular nuclei complex (posterior tegmentum), outputs incorporate
multimodal sensory info from various systems
-LVN for linear acceleration / MVN for rotational acceleration
Nystagmus phases - Answer-Naming of nystagmus by fast phase
-Slow phase of VOR: L head ROT, eye mov't R
, -Fast phase of VOR: L nystagmus (snaps back to center)
Describe the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) - Answer-VSR works for both linear/rot
acceleration
Linear accel: projects to LVN -> project to SC (descending MLF - LVST)
ROT accel: project to MVN -> projects to SC (descending MLF - MVST)
-Function: Rapid adjustments of limb/trunk
Describe the vestibulocervical reflex (VCR) - Answer-ROT accel: project to MVN ->
projects to SC (descending MLF)
-Function: Postural adjustments of head/neck
Describe the vestibular cortical pathway - Answer-Function: Contribute to proprioception
What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum ? - Answer-Feedback loops relevant in
various reflex pathway
-Input: Balance
-Output: Postural adjustments
Difference b/w primary and association areas - Answer-primary: receive input with little
to no meaning
association: higher order processing, integration, interpretation
Association areas in the L/R hemisphere - Answer-Tend to have asymmetric
representation in the brain
-L have different functions then the R (functional specialization)
What is the function of the thalamus? - Answer-Major relay center
-HUB: integrates cortical output, sensory input, cerebellar input, BG input
How do images in our visual field that project to the retina look like? - Answer-
REVERSED and INVERTED
Describe the optic pathway - Answer-1) Retinal fibers take info from contralateral visual
field
-Nasal retinal and temporal retinal fibers
2) Optic Nerve
-Ipsilateral afferent info down optic nerve
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