RTF305 Final Exam with Complete Solutions Graded A+ New Update
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RTF305
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RTF305
RTF305 Final Exam with Complete Solutions Graded A+ New Update
Impact of FM Technology - Answer-FM radio had an improved sound quality, and groups could record songs that were much longer than the standard 2 to 3 minutes that was previously allowed; FM Radio also added formats for many different g...
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RTF305 Final Exam with
Complete Solutions
Graded A+ New Update
Impact of FM Technology - Answer-FM radio had an improved sound quality, and
groups could record songs that were much longer than the standard 2 to 3 minutes that
was previously allowed; FM Radio also added formats for many different genres of
music, which reached many different subcultures (such as punks, skaters, or hip-hop).
Impact of 1996 Telecommunications Act - Answer-- A federal legislation that
deregulated radio ownership rules and the communications media. It opened the U.S.
telecommunications industry to competition
- Concentrated ownership of media outlets to only a few broadcasters.
- Caused many local, independent, and alternative media outlets to disappear.
Horizontal integration of radio stations - Answer-Clear Channel- Ownership of many
different radio stations by one company
Which genres on TV are from radio? - Answer-- Sitcoms
- Dramas
- Action - adventures
- Game shows
- News
- Science fiction
Genre development - Answer-- Cycles of popular genres
- Rise and fall in popularity
- Tightly bound to cultural factors, promise of something new branch out to social
changes
Factors for economic success in Broadcast TV - Answer-- Ease of access
- Ratings and cost of programming
- Low Production costs
- The book says word for word, "Ratings are one half of the formula for economic
success in television, low production costs are the other half"
,"Vast Wasteland" - Answer-The key phrase that FCC Chairman Newton Minow used to
critique U.S. television of the 1960s, which resulted in the move toward creating a public
television network
Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR) - Answer-- Instituted by the FCC to restrict the amount
of network broadcast programming that a local television station may air during prime
time.
- Instated because of the concern that the three major television networks -- ABC, CBS,
and NBC -- dominated the television program production market.
Finance and Syndication Rules - Answer-- Networks could not own any programming
they aired on primetime. Also could not air syndicated programming they had a financial
interest in.
- Brought about a golden era of independent television production.
- Repealed in 1993
TV Network oligopoly - Answer-- The Big Five- Time Warner, Disney, National
Amusements (Viacom/CBS), News Corp, and NBC Universal.
- These top companies are vertically integrated conglomerates that combine video
production, national and local distribution, and other media properties under a single
corporate umbrella.
Deregulation and the Reagan Era - Answer-- Deregulation removes restrictions on the
nature and scope of activities that companies engage in and the prices they charge
- Free market economic policies, media de-regulation (FCC), escalation of the Cold
War, and the Paramount Decree overturned the Telecommunications Act.
Synergy Practices - Answer-Force behind the urge to merge
Cable Television - Answer-- Started in 1966
- In attempt to break the Big Three's oligopoly, new distribution technologies created
cable television; cable television picked up broadcasts from major market TV stations
and relayed their signals to smaller communities.
Narrowcasting - Answer-Targets media to specific segments of the audience
Audience segmentation - Answer-The process of dividing a broad target audience into
more homogeneous subgroups
The "Fox Formula" for new TV network - Answer-- Rollout schedule (program few days
a week or weekends)
- Goal: Target new audiences (ignored by Big Three networks)
- Focused on white working class families (Simpsons, Married...)
- Shows with African American cast (in Living Color)
- New soap/sitcoms aimed at women (e.g. Beverly Hills 90210)
, Decline of big three networks - Answer-- Growing number of cable channel/cable
subscribers steal network viewers
- Fox, a 4th network, join the competition
- Networks increasingly rely on a few mega-hits for syndication profits- other shows turn
over rapidly
Strategies for 4 major networks - Answer-- Invest in internet technology: NBC owns hulu
- Find alternatives to advertising
o Product Placement on American Idol
o Song downloads on Glee
- Focus on "blockbuster" live programming
o The Super Bowl, The Oscars. The Olympics
- Find Cheaper Alternatives: Reality TV
Different Types of Cable - Answer-- Network - Rely solely on Ads, everyone gets these
for free. These are ABC, NBC, CBS and Fox
- Basic - you pay for these
o Rely on ads and subscriptions
ex: Time Warner or ATT U-verse
- Premium
o Relies ONLY on Subscriptions
No ads
Strategies for premium cable networks - Answer-- Increase production value and
sex/violence to lure/maintain subscribers
- Increased focus on Original Programming:
- Keeps subscribers for multiple months
- Popular for DVDs/downloads
- Associate brand with "Quality Television"
- Keep paying costs for Hollywood movies
Strategies for basic cable networks - Answer-- The best of both worlds: Profits from
cable subscribers and advertising sales
- Profitable with lower ratings Example- Mad Men gets 2-3 million viewers/week
- Conglomerates can own multiple cable networks for a balanced portfolio
- Censored by ad sales- not the FCC
Consequences of post-network era - Answer-- Increasing fluidity between premium,
basic cable, and network content
- Proliferation/ Profitability of cable channels draw greater talent to television
- Vastly more original programming
Reality television - Answer-- Inexpensive alternative to scripted programing
o No writers
o No actors
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