PSI is a key component of what transport system? correct answers photosynthetic electron transport system
what is photooxidation? correct answers a reaction in which electrons from chlorophyll are transferred to an electron acceptor (performed by PSI)
in photosynthesis, NADP+ is reduced to wh...
BIOC 385 EXAM 1 || Already Graded A+.
PSI is a key component of what transport system? correct answers photosynthetic electron
transport system
what is photooxidation? correct answers a reaction in which electrons from chlorophyll are
transferred to an electron acceptor (performed by PSI)
in photosynthesis, NADP+ is reduced to what? correct answers NADPH
why is the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH important in photosynthesis? correct answers
NADPH is required for CO2 fixation in the Calvin cycle
what is Paraquat? correct answers a herbicide that prevents the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH
by accepting electrons from intermediate reductants in PSI
when do plants metabolize glucose and why? correct answers at night because the energy of
sunlight is unavailable at night
what are chloroplasts? correct answers organelles that convert light energy into chemical energy
why do chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy? correct answers for the purpose
of synthesizing carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O
what is the photosynthetic electron transport system? correct answers a series of coupled redox
reactions that take place in the chloroplast membrane
in the Calvin cycle, atmospheric CO2 is converted into what? correct answers three-C molecule
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (which is then used to synthesize hexose sugars, e.g., glucose and
fructose)
what is the key enzyme in the Calvin cycle (and the most important and abundant enzyme on
Earth)? correct answers Rubisco
what two systems work together to convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP, NADPH,
and triose phosphate) in plants? correct answers 1. photosynthetic electron transport system
2. Calvin cycle
in the process of converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP, NADPH, and
triose phosphate, H2O is oxidized into what? correct answers O2
what is the light reaction of photosynthesis? correct answers the photosynthetic electron transport
system
what is the dark reaction of photosynthesis? correct answers Calvin cycle
, why is the term "dark reaction" misleading? correct answers the Calvin cycle is most active in
the light, when ATP and NADPH levels are high
in the dark, plants depend on what as metabolic fuel for mitochondrial respiration? correct
answers carbohydrates (just like any other aerobic organism)
what is carbon fixation? correct answers the incorporation of atmospheric CO2 into an organic
compound
the combined reactions of the light reaction and the dark reaction yield what? correct answers 1.
oxidation of H2O to O2
2. carbon fixation (hexose sugars)
what are the organic molecules produced by the Calvin cycle called? correct answers triose
phosphates, which can be used to produce hexose sugars (6 C sugars)
how many molecules of CO2 are requires to produce 1 molecule of glucose? correct answers 6
CO2 (because glucose is a 6 C sugar)
what is the equation for the carbon fixation of CO2 to glucose? correct answers 6 H2O + 6 CO2
--(light energy)--> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
is the standard free energy (ΔG°') of the carbon fixation of CO2 to glucose endergonic or
exergonic? correct answers endergonic (ΔG°'=+2,868 kJ/mol)
how much of the available CO2 in the atmosphere is converted into carbohydrate each year?
correct answers ~10%
how is fixed CO2 returned to the atmosphere? correct answers aerobic respiration by
microorganisms, plants, and animals (breakdown of glucose)
why is the level of CO2 in the atmosphere steadily increasing? correct answers burning of fossil
fuels
what is the greenhouse effect? correct answers excess CO2 in the atmosphere prohibits re-
radiated heat from readily escaping Earth
the evolution of what photosynthetic aquatic organisms preceded rapid increases in atmospheric
O2 levels? correct answers cyanobacteria and algae
chlorophyll molecules in ________ absorb photons. correct answers PSII
what is PSII? correct answers a large protein complex embedded in chloroplast membranes that
absorb photons
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