IB ESS Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Ecocentric - ANSWERSpure ecology & nature is central to humanity and emphasizes a less materialist approach to life with greater self-sufficiency of societies
Technocentric - ANSWERSbelieves that technological development can provide solutions...
Ecocentric - ANSWERSpure ecology & nature is central to humanity and emphasizes a less materialist
approach to life with greater self-sufficiency of societies
Technocentric - ANSWERSbelieves that technological development can provide solutions to
environmental problems
Anthropocentric - ANSWERSbelieves humans must sustainably manage the global system
Environmental Manager - ANSWERSbelieve governments need to legislate to protect environment and
resources from overexploitation and make sustainable economics - humans have ethical duty to protect
& nurture Earth
Cornucopian - ANSWERSthrough technology & inventiveness, humans can solve any environmental
problem & improve living standards - little government intervention
Biocentric - ANSWERSall life has inherent value - no harm to individual species
Deep Ecologist - ANSWERSput more value on nature than humanity - believe in biorights; no human
intervention in nature
System / Systems Diagram - ANSWERSset of components that function together & form integrated units
Open System - ANSWERSexchanges matter & energy with its surroundings
Closed System - ANSWERSexchanges energy with its surroundings
,Isolated System - ANSWERSexchanges no energy or matter with its surroundings
Transfer - ANSWERSa change in location
Transformation - ANSWERSa change in chemical nature, state, or energy
Matter - ANSWERSgas, liquid, solid
Atoms - ANSWERSmakes up matter
1st Law of Thermodynamics / Principle of Conservation of Energy - ANSWERSenergy is neither created
nor destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWERSthe entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will
increase over time
Entropy - ANSWERSthe measure of the disorder of a system - refers to spreading out or dispersal of
energy
Enthalpy - ANSWERSequivalent to total heat content of a system
Equilibrium: Steady State, Static, Unstable/stable - ANSWERSthe tendency to return to its original state
-the system is constant with continuous inputs & outputs
-no change over time
-unstable: returns to new equilibrium; stable: returns to same
Efficiency (Energy) - ANSWERSuseful energy, work or output produced by a process divided by the
amount of energy consumed, bring the input to the process
, Negative Feedback - ANSWERSdamp down, neutralize, or counteract any deviation from an equilibrium;
stablizies systems in steady-state
Positive Feedback - ANSWERSfurther increases or decreases in output that enhances the change in the
system
System Resilience - ANSWERShow a system responds to a disturbance
-more resilient: more distrubance dealt with
Tipping Point - ANSWERSreached when ecosystem experiences a shift to a new state in which there are
significant changes to its biodiversity & services it provides
Ecological Overshoot - ANSWERSsurpassing the sustainable level of resources exploitation
Sustainable Development - ANSWERSdevelopment that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Natural Capita - ANSWERSgoods & services the environment provides humans with in order to provide
natural income
Natural Income - ANSWERSnatural resources that can be sold for profit
Abiotic vs. Biotic - ANSWERSAbiotic: non-living physical factors influencing organisms & the ecosystem
Biotic: living organisms
Species - ANSWERSa group of organisms sharing common characteristics that interbreed & produced
fertile offspring
Population - ANSWERSa group of organisms of same specifies living in the same area at the same time
Community - ANSWERSa group of populations living & influencing with each other in a common habitat
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