IB ESS 1.4/1.5 Test Questions & Answers 2024/2025
1.4 - ANSWERS
Sustainability - ANSWERSThe use and management of resources that allows full natural exploited and full recovery of the ecosystems affected by their extraction and use.
Natural Capital - ANSWERSNatural resources that can pro...
Sustainability - ANSWERSThe use and management of resources that allows full natural exploited and full
recovery of the ecosystems affected by their extraction and use.
Natural Capital - ANSWERSNatural resources that can produce a sustainable natural income of goods or
services
Natural Income - ANSWERSThe yield obtained from natural resources
Resources - Natural Capital and Natural Income - ANSWERSNatural Capital (Renewable - living,
Replenishable - nonliving, Non-Renewable)
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Natural Income
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Goods/Services
Ecosystems may provide... - ANSWERSLife-supporting services such as...
water replenishment, flood and erosion protection, and goods such as timber, fisheries, and agricultural
crops
Factors such as biodiversity, pollution, population or climate may be used... - ANSWERSQuantitatively as
environmental indicators of sustainability. These factors can be applied on a range of scales, from local to
global.
, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) - ANSWERSGave a scientific appraisal of the condition and
trends in the world's ecosystems and the services they provide using environmental indicators, as well as
basis scientific for action to conserve and use them sustainably.
EIA - ANSWERS- Incorporate baseline studies before a development project is undertaken
- Assess the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the project, predicting and evaluating
possible impacts and suggesting mitigation strategies for the project
- Usually followed by an audit and continued monitoring
- Each country or region has different guidance on the use of EIAs
EIAs provide... - ANSWERSdecision-makers with information in order to consider the environmental
impact of a project
- There is not necessarily a requirement to implement an EIAs proposals, and many socio-economic
factors may influence the decisions made
Criticisms of EIAs - ANSWERS1. Lack of standard practice or training for practitioners
2.Lack of a clear definition of system boundaries
3. Lack of inclusion of indirect impacts
Sustainable Development - ANSWERSDevelopment that meets current needs without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Ecological Footprint (EF) - ANSWERSThe area of land and water required to sustainably provide all
resources and assimilate all the waste for a given population
- If the EF is GREATER THAN the area of land and water available to that population, then it is NOT
sustainable
1.5 - ANSWERS
Pollution - ANSWERSThe addition of a substance or an agent to an environment through human activity,
at a rate GREATER THAN that at which it can be rendered harmless by the environment, and which has
an appreciable effects on the organisms in the environment
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