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Echocardiography Workbook Questions and Answer
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Echocardiography Workbook Questions and Answer
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Echocardiography Workbook Questionsand Answers
___ aortic stenosis originates at the aortic valve cusps and moves out toward the
commissures:
A. congenital
B. degenerative
C. prosthetic
D. rheumatic - ANSWER-D. rheumatic
___ are responsible for the exchange of nutrients and oxygen with the tissues:
A. arterioles
B. capillaries
C. lungs
D. venules - ANSWER-B. capillaries
___ can occur when a mechanical prosthetic valve damages the red blood cells:
A. dehiscence
B. hemolysis
C. mechanical breakdown
D. mechanical failure - ANSWER-B. hemolysis
___ cause(s) HCMO:
A. chemotherapy
B. gene mutations
C. immune system disorder
D. metabolic deficiency - ANSWER-B. gene mutations
___ CMO is the most common of all the CMO disease states.
A. dilated
B. hypertrophic
C. infiltrative
D. restrictive - ANSWER-A. dilated
___ creates a shunt between the ventricle and the atria, common in patients with
Trisomy 21:
A. endocardial cushion defect
B. malalignment defect
C. perimembranous defect
D. trabecular defect - ANSWER-A. endocardial cushion defect
___ doppler is superimposed, steerable, and measures any velocity making it ideal for
performing valve calculations:
A. continuous wave
,B. high-pulsed repetition frequency
C. PEDOF
D. pulsed wave - ANSWER-A. continuous wave
___ Doppler is used to measure blood flow from a specific site that is < 2 m/s:
A. continuous wave
B. high-pulsed repetition frequency
C. non-imaging continuous wave
D. pulsed wave - ANSWER-D. pulsed wave
___ increase the venous return, stroke volume, and cardiac output:
A. bearing down during valsalva, inspiration, and squatting
B. expiration, inspiration, squatting, and bearing down
C. releasing after valsalva, inspiration, and squatting
D. standing, expiration, squatting, and amyl nitrite inhalation - ANSWER-C. releasing
after valsalva, inspiration, and squatting
___ increases afterload:
A. atrial septal defect
B. hypertension
C. mitral regurgitation
D. pulmonic regurgitation - ANSWER-B. hypertension
___ increases preload:
A. aortic stenosis
B. mitral regurgitation
C. pulmonary hypertension
D. pulmonic stenosis - ANSWER-B. mitral regurgitation
___ involves a tear in the intimal lining of the aorta that separates the inner and middle
layers of the aorta and creates a false lumen:
A. aortic aneurysm
B. aortic dissection
C. coarctation of the aorta
D. sinus of valsalva aneurysm - ANSWER-B. aortic dissection
___ is a dense, mobile mass, rarely >1cm, with a consistency that closely resembles the
chordae tendineae:
A. fibroma
B. myxoma
C. papillary fibroelastoma
D. rhabdomyoma - ANSWER-C. papillary fibroelastoma
___ is a known complication of the bioprosthetic heart valve:
A. thrombus
B. hemolysis
,C. mechanical failure
D. all of the above - ANSWER-A. thrombus
___ is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a balloon catheter with a stent-mounted
valve crimped on its tip.
A. AV repair
B. mini-thoracotomy
C. PMBV
D. TAVR - ANSWER-D. TAVR
___ is a ST-segment elevation MI and accounts for ___ of all MIs:
A. NSTEMI / 30%
B. NSTEMI / 70%
C. STEMI / 30%
D. STEMI / 70% - ANSWER-D. STEMI / 70%
___ is a surgical treatment option for patients with IHD/MI:
A. AICD
B. IABP
C. LVAD/RVAD
D. all of the above - ANSWER-D. all of the above
___ is a treatment option for mitral stenosis:
A. percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy
B. mitral commissurotomy
C. mitral valve repair or replacement
D. all of the above - ANSWER-D. all of the above
___ is an abnormal balloon like dilatation along the aorta; most involve the ___:
A. aortic aneurysm / abdominal aorta
B. aortic aneurysm / aortic root
C. aortic dissection / ascending aorta
D. aortic dissection / thoracic aorta - ANSWER-A. aortic aneurysm / abdominal aorta
___ is an encapsulated tumor composed of mature fat cells that is usually soft and
large:
A. fibroma
B. lipoma
C. myxoma
D. rhabdomyoma - ANSWER-B. lipoma
___ is an immediate goal when treating IHD:
A. medical therapy
B. restore normal coronary blood flow
C. salvage functional myocardium
D. all of the above - ANSWER-D. all of the above
, ___ is an indication of pulmonic stenosis?
A. left ventricular hypertrophy with flattening of the IVS
B. post-stenotic dilatation of the aorta
C. thickening of the pulmonic leaflets with systolic doming
D. all of the above - ANSWER-C. thickening of the pulmonic leaflets with systolic
doming
___ is considered in patient who do not respond to medical therapy:
A. IABP
B. LVAD
C. transplant
D. all of the above - ANSWER-D. all of the above
___ is developed from a human aortic valve or dura mater and appears very similar to a
native valve:
A. autograft
B. heterograft
C. homograft
D. TAVR - ANSWER-c. homograft
___ is marked by granulomas that infiltrate the heart and various organs; complications
include heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and irregular rhythms.
A. amyloidosis
B. hemochromatosis
C. pompes
D. sarcoidosis - ANSWER-D. sarcoidosis
___ is present if the systemic flow travels from the right atrium --> right ventricle -->
aorta --> body --> right atrium:
A. dextro-TGA
B. levo-TGA
C. normal flow
D. TGA - ANSWER-A. dextro-TGA
___ is the arterial pressure exerted on the walls of the systemic circulatory system.
A. blood pressure
B. pulmonary artery pressure
C. pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
D. systemic circulatory system - ANSWER-A. blood pressure
___ is the degree of fiber stretch due to the quantity of blood in the chamber prior to
contraction:
A. force-velocity relationship
B. frank-starling law
C. interval-strength relationship
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