GMS6121 Exam 3 Questions with Answers
Electron microscopy - Answer-Allows visualization of virus particles in lesions
Laborious, but easy to look at
Immunofluorescence - Answer-Uses virus-specific antibody to detect viral protein
Usually in tissue biopsy or cells from fluid
Easy, gold...
If analyte is present, it complexes with labeled antibody. The complex flows up the
membrane and complexes with the primary antibody (test line) and secondary antibody
(control line)
qPCR and RT-qPCR - Answer-Used to quantify number of copies of virus genomes
qPCR = DNA
RT-qPCR = RNA, uses reverse transcriptase
Serology - Answer-Indirect detection of virus
Detects antibodies to a virus in serum
Does not necessarily indicate active infection
Often measured by ELISA
Sometimes measured by neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition
Diagnostics methods depend on ________ - Answer-Suspected virus
Clinical symptoms
Available tests
Syndromic testing - Answer-Use of multiplex panels
, Ex: BIoFire FilmArray GI Panel
Cellular outcomes of viral infection - Answer-Cell death
Abortive infection
Persistent infection
Transformation
Cell death/CPE due to infection - Answer-Due to:
Diversion of cell's energy
Shutoff of synthesis
Competition for ribosomes and TFs
Results in pyrogens: Fever inducing
Abortive infection - Answer-Virus initiates infection but does not generate infectious
particles
Due to:
Lack of replication conditions
Host antivirals
Cell may be damaged, killed, or transformed, but does not release infectious progeny
Persistent infection - Answer-No cell death or alteration
1) Chronic
2) Latent
3) Recurrent
Chronic infection - Answer-Constant production of virus at low levels
Long incubation period
Ex: HBV, HCV
Latent infection - Answer-No production of viral progeny, but genome is maintained
Low-level reactivation
Ex: Herpesviruses
Recurrent infection - Answer-Reactivation of a latent infection due to stress or other
factors
Ex: HSV
Transformation - Answer-Virus alters cell
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