PSYC 435 Abnormal Psychology
Chapter 11 An Integrative Approach
Summarized Notes for Exam
Athabasca University.
, Chapter 11
CHAPTER 11: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders
➢ DSM 5 changes: they’ve lumped together what used to be the impulse-control disorders and substance-
related disorders
➢ Gambling looks a lot like an addictive behavior. It has the same sorts of biochemical changes that
occur. It looks more and more like an addiction and has been treated in addiction centers for a long time
as an addiction
➢ So now this new category lumps all those 3 things together
Addictive and Impulse-Control Disorders
➢ problems related to the use and abuse of psychoactive substances
o wide-ranging physiological, psychological, and behavioral effects
➢ gambling also included in this category
➢ includes impulse-control disorders
o intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pyromania
Important Terms and Distinctions
➢ substance use versus substance intoxication
o involves some kind of impairment
o usually has to do with how much you have taken of the drug
o but you can be an intoxicated and not be an abuser of the drug
o abuse needs to get in the way of functioning – get in the way of some of your roles in society or
something. There needs to be a regular pattern
➢ substance abuse versus substance dependence
o dependence = you need it to get through your day, drinking to feel normal
o that comes from tolerating the substance
➢ tolerance versus withdrawal
o aspect of physiological dependence
o textbook differentiates between physiological and psychological dependence
o you don’t have psychology without the hardware, the physiology.
o You don’t have psychological dependence without tolerance and withdrawal
Substance Use Disorders
Tolerance, defined as either:
➢ a need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve desired effect, or
➢ diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
Withdrawal, manifested as either:
➢ the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance (typically opposite to the drug effects. If you’re
taking a sedative for example, when you stop it, you get anxious and wound up)
➢ OR
➢ Using the same (or a closely related) substance to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms
o you may not actually experience the withdrawal syndrome
o DSM 4 you used to have to specify whether somebody with this disorder met criteria
Five Main Categories of Substances
➢ depressants behavioral sedation (anything that’s a downer)
o e.g., alcohol, sedatives, anxiolytic drugs
➢ stimulants increase alertness and elevate mood (anything that’s an upper)
o e.g., cocaine, nicotine, caffeine (these all have different mechanisms of action)
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