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Mindtap Chapters 1-16, Criminal Justice Midterm, D2L practice quizzes weeks 1-13, questions well answered
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Mindtap Chapters 1-16, Criminal JusticeMidterm, D2L practice quizzes weeks 1-
13,
The ________________ period was very influential in leading to reforms within prison systems because
this movement promoted equality, liberalism, and individualism. - correct answer ✔✔Enlightenment.
Punishment reform efforts beginning around the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had
adopted the view that criminal behavior was not attributable to _______________, but to
_______________. - correct answer ✔✔Human nature; societal factors.
The first penitentiary constructed in Pennsylvania espoused the ideal of __________________. - correct
answer ✔✔Separate confinement.
Which is not a principle of the Pennsylvania system? - correct answer ✔✔Offenders would be treated
with vengeance in order to fulfill the goal of retribution.
The central feature of the Pennsylvania system of incarceration was: - correct answer ✔✔Separate
confinement, isolation and solitude.
The __________________, also known as the New York system, was used within the penitentiary in
Auburn, New York, and was created in an attempt to address the shortcomings of the Pennsylvania
System. - correct answer ✔✔Congregate system.
During the reform period, advocates for the reform of women's prisons were guided by three principles.
Which choice below is NOT one of those principles? - correct answer ✔✔Male staff should supervise
female offenders.
By the 1930s yet another shift in penal philosophy occurred. This model promoted - correct answer
✔✔Rehabilitation.
,All of the following statements are true for America prior to 1800 except: - correct answer ✔✔Jails were
not yet in existence.
At the state level, which branch of government does the administration of prisons fall under? - correct
answer ✔✔Executive.
Approximately 26 percent of prisoners currently being held in the federal prison system are: - correct
answer ✔✔Citizens of foreign countries.
Which of the following statements about federal probation and parole officers is NOT true? - correct
answer ✔✔Their average caseload is 25 cases.
What is the system under which inmates' labor was sold on a contractual basis to private employers who
provided the machinery and raw materials with which inmates made saleable products in the
institution? - correct answer ✔✔Contract labor system.
Many have criticized private prisons because: - correct answer ✔✔When true costs are taken into
consideration, private prisons may not be as cost effective as public prisons.
The institution authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer
than 48 hours is a _________, while a __________ is an institution for the incarceration of people
convicted of serious crimes. - correct answer ✔✔Jail; prison.
Jails are faced with many problems, as are state prisons. Which of the following is a common problem
affecting jails? - correct answer ✔✔Jails are grossly overcrowded.
Which of the following is not one of the principal tests the courts have applied to correctional conditions
under the Eighth Amendment? - correct answer ✔✔Whether the punishment is psychologically harmful
to the correctional officer.
When comparing today's parolees to parolees from 1990, which of the following statements is FALSE? -
correct answer ✔✔More parolees have been paroled from sentences for violent crimes.
,Which of the following is a factor that explains the growth of the prison population? - correct answer
✔✔Prison construction.
While the war on drugs is often criticized, it was successful in: - correct answer ✔✔Filling local, state,
and federal facilities with inmates.
Which of the following is not an abuse of cell phone usage by incarcerated inmates? - correct answer
✔✔Informing the correctional officer on duty that your cellmates is using a cell phone.
According to what U.S. Supreme Court case, can prisoners as well as probationers/parolees bring
lawsuits against correctional officials? - correct answer ✔✔Cooper v. Pate (1964).
What are the three classifications for incarcerated immigrants? - correct answer ✔✔Undocumented
immigrants, sentenced legal immigrants and sentenced undocumented immigrants.
Which of the following is NOT a classification of security of state correctional institutions? - correct
answer ✔✔Admax.
Which of the following models of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is
caused by biological or psychological conditions that require treatment? - correct answer ✔✔Medical
model.
_____________ is a goal of punishment which seeks to "pay back" the offender for the wrong he or she
committed against society. - correct answer ✔✔Retribution.
Criminal sanctions in the United States have four main goals. What are they? - correct answer
✔✔Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation.
By making known the punishment for a particular criminal offense, __________________ seeks to
discourage people from committing this offense. - correct answer ✔✔General deterrence.
If a judge orders an offender to attend outpatient substance abuse classes this would be an example of: -
correct answer ✔✔Rehabilitation.
, ______________ is a correctional goal that seeks to repair the damage caused to the victim and the
community by helping the offender to repair that damage. - correct answer ✔✔Restoration
The prison reformer Jeremy Bentham was struck by what he thought was the pointlessness of
retribution. He and his fellow reformers adopted his theory of ___________________, which holds that
human behavior is governed by balancing the costs of one's acts with the benefits of them. - correct
answer ✔✔Utilitarianism.
The _______________ sentence allows the most discretion to be used by parole boards in deciding
when to release an incarcerated offender. - correct answer ✔✔Indeterminate.
Which of the following is not a goal of truth in sentencing legislation? - correct answer ✔✔Encouraging
the increased use of good and earned time.
_________________________ are restrictions more severe than regular probation, but not as harsh as
imprisonment, and are more cost-effective as well. - correct answer ✔✔Intermediate sanctions.
When the execution of sentence is suspended and an offender is required to serve the sentence in the
community instead of going to prison, he or she is on - correct answer ✔✔Probation.
In Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that: - correct answer ✔✔The death penalty, as
administered, was cruel and unusual punishment.
Which of the following is NOT a valid reason for judges to differ from one another in their sentencing
decisions and practices? - correct answer ✔✔They are competing against other judges.
A goal of sentencing guidelines is to: - correct answer ✔✔Reduce the disparity among sentences for the
same offense.
Mechanisms to indicate to judges the expected sanction for certain offenses in order to reduce
disparities in sentencing are known as - correct answer ✔✔Sentencing guidelines.
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