Apk 4123 Exam 2 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What are vitamins and how are they classified? List the specific vitamins that fall under each classification. Which classification of vitamins is potentially more toxic to the body? Explain why. - ANSWERSVitamins are known as organic compounds tha...
What are vitamins and how are they classified? List the specific vitamins that fall under each
classification. Which classification of vitamins is potentially more toxic to the body? Explain why. -
ANSWERSVitamins are known as organic compounds that are micromolecules in our diet. It means that
they are required in small amounts for normal metabolism. Essential nutrients because the body cannot
form vitamins in adequate amounts
Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K
Water-soluble vitamins: B-complex (B6, B12, folate, biotin and pantothenic acid) and C
Fat soluble vitamins are predominantly more toxic to the body. Fat-soluble vitamins require dietary fat
for intestinal absorption and transport in the bloodstream because they do not easily dissolve in water.
There types of fats are stored in the body mainly in fat tissues, liver and other organs and can
accumulate over time causing toxicity.
List two of the four fat-soluble vitamins and their respective roles/functions for overall health and
athletic performance. - ANSWERSB6: helps breakdown glycogen in the liver (endurance); help to build
amino acids in the body (muscle/strength); helps to convert tryptophan to niacin; help the formation of
neurotransmitters (information processing); red blood cells' hemoglobin ring production (endurace);
production of white blood cells (immune support)
B12: important for older athletes & vegetarians/vegans; affects health & performance of nervous
system, cardiovascular system, tissues, energy production
Should dietary substances that block absorption of fat by the digestive system be used? Defend your
answer. - ANSWERS
What are free radicals? Where do they come from, and what effect do they have on the body? -
ANSWERSCause molecules to give up electrons in a process known as oxidation so that they can match
any unpaired electrons and become more stable
, Highly reactive molecules, usually containing oxygen, that possess unpaired electrons in their structure
Produced in the body as byproducts of normal cellular metabolism
Can be taken into the body from outside sources; breathing polluted air
What are antioxidants? Which vitamins and related compounds serve as antioxidants in the body? Briefly
describe how they work in the body. - ANSWERSProtective compounds that help neutralize the oxidative
stresses imposed by free radicals, thereby protecting the body from damage
Vitamins A, E, and C
Either directly interact with free radicals or work as coenzymes
Should athletes take supplements that boost the body's level of antioxidants? Defend your answer with
what is currently known about these substances. - ANSWERSSupplementation with antioxidant vitamins
and minerals would appear to make sense for individuals interested in the potential health benefits of
antioxidants. Although the use of antioxidants is promising, there are still no governing bodies that
recommend regular intake of antioxidants at levels higher than the RDA/AIs.
What are phytochemicals, and where do they come from? - ANSWERSAny of various biologically active
compounds found in plants; not nutrients
Chemical substances found in plants
What are some of the commonly identified classes of phytochemicals? What roles do they play in the
body? - ANSWERSCarotenoids: group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants; role as
antioxidants, bolster immune function, aid in cancer prevention, and enhance vision; powerful
antioxidants that interfere with activity; work primarily to keep free radical production from becoming
uncontainable and thus prevent any negative health effects
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