PSCI 1101 Exam 1 with Correct Answers
Natural Liberties - Answer-As human beings, we are born with certain rights that the government has no right to take away from us
Came from nature or from G-d
Fearful it would be seen as an exhaustive set of liberties
Civil Liberties - Answer-Outlined b...
Natural Liberties - Answer-As human beings, we are born with certain rights that the
government has no right to take away from us
Came from nature or from G-d
Fearful it would be seen as an exhaustive set of liberties
Civil Liberties - Answer-Outlined by the law--Basic political freedoms that protect
citizens from governmental abuses of power
Sovereign Power - Answer-The supreme power of an independent state to regulate its
internal affairs without foreign interference
Autonomy - Answer-Self government; freedom from external control or influence;
independence
Police Powers - Answer-The power to enforce laws and provide for public safety
Concurrent Powers - Answer-Responsibilities for particular policy areas, such as
transportation, that are shared by federal, state, and local governments
Unitary Government - Answer-A system in which the national, centralized government
holds ultimate authority. It is the most common form of government in the world
Confederal Government - Answer-A form of government in which states have the most
power and there is a limited national government (US under Articles)
Intergovernmental Organizations - Answer-Organizations that seek to coordinate policy
across member nations
Exs: UN, IMF, NATO, EU
Full Faith and Credit Clause - Answer-Requires that each state's laws be honored by
the other states.
Ex: a legal marriage in one state must be recognized across state lines
Privileges and Immunities Clause - Answer-Requires that states must treat non-state
residents within their borders as they would treat their own residents. This was meant to
promote commerce and travel between states
Ex: states can't deny police protection to visitors even though they don't pay state taxes
,However, it doesn't apply in some cases (in-state vs. out of state tuition)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - Answer-Established national supremacy (the federal
government has "implied powers" to carry out, without state interference). Created a
national bank
Gibbons v. Ogden - Answer-Congress has broad power to regulate interstate commerce
Sedition Act - Answer-Banned "any false, scandalous writing against the government of
the United States"
Doctrine of Interposition - Answer-The idea that if the national government passes an
unconstitutional law, the people of the states (through their state legislatures) can
declare the law void.
People tried to declare the sedition act void by using this doctrine
Dual Federalism (layer-cake) - Answer-No interactions between the levels of
government
Barron v. Baltimore - Answer-The Bill of Rights only applies to the Federal Government,
and not the states--A CORE PRINCIPLE OF DUAL-FEDERALISM
Dred Scott v. Sanford - Answer-Declared that slaves are private property, not citizens
1875 Civil Rights Act - Answer-Guaranteed equal treatment in public accommodations
(overturned)
"Laissez-faire" system - Answer-National government can't regulate state businesses
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones and Laughlin Steel - Answer-Gave Congress
far more latitude in shaping economic and social policy for the nation
National government became much more involved in activities that were formerly
reserved for states, such as education, transportation, civil rights, agriculture, social
welfare, and management-labor relations
Government - Answer-The system for implementing decisions made through the
political process
Two broad purposes: To provide order and to promote the general welfare
Factions - Answer-Groups of like-minded people who try to influence the government.
American government is setup to avoid domination by any one of these groups. Idea
proposed by James Madison
Separation of Powers - Answer-Divides the government into three branches-judicial,
executive, and legislative-and assigns distinct duties to each branch
, Checks and Balances - Answer-A system in which each branch of government has
some power over the others
Federalism - Answer-Divides power by allotting different responsibilities to local, state,
and national government
Public goods - Answer-Services or actions (such as protecting the environment) that,
once provided to one person, becomes available to everyone. Government is typically
needed to provide public goods because they will be under-provided by the free market.
Collective action problems - Answer-Situations in which the members of a group would
benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off
refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work
Ex: A person benefits from their college education in terms of the knowledge and
experience they gain, and perhaps from the higher salary they earn. Society ALSO
benefits because your employer benefits from your knowledge and skills, as well as
people you interact with. Public education benefits all levels of society and must be
provided by the government for the general welfare
Free rider problem - Answer-The incentive to benefit from others' work without making a
contribution, which leads individuals in a collective action situation to refuse to work
together
Ex: Members of a worker's union work to get benefits for the employees, but many don't
participate and just reap those benefits
Monarchy - Answer-Rule by one--comes to power through inheritance
Aristocracy - Answer-Rule by the few
Polity - Answer-Rule by the many--such as the general population
Federal system - Answer-Power is shared among the local, state, and national levels of
government
Unitary system - Answer-All power is held at the national level
Confederation - Answer-States retain their sovereignty and autonomy but form a loose
association at the national level
Politics - Answer-The process that determines what government does.
3 Key Ideas of Politics - Answer-Politics is conflictual, the political process matters, and
politics is everywhere
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