MCAT Biology | Latest Version | 2024/2025 | Already Graded A
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Module
MCAT Biology |
Institution
MCAT Biology |
MCAT Biology | Latest Version |
2024/2025 | Already Graded A
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?
The endoplasmic reticulum aids in protein synthesis by providing a site for ribosomes to
translate mRNA into proteins and assisting in the folding and modificatio...
MCAT Biology | Latest Version |
2024/2025 | Already Graded A
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?
✔✔The endoplasmic reticulum aids in protein synthesis by providing a site for ribosomes to
translate mRNA into proteins and assisting in the folding and modification of these proteins.
How does the Na+/K+ pump contribute to maintaining cellular membrane potential?
✔✔The Na+/K+ pump maintains the cellular membrane potential by actively transporting three
sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell, creating an electrochemical
gradient.
What is the function of the lysosome in cellular processes?
✔✔Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules, old cell parts, and
pathogens, playing a key role in cellular digestion and waste management.
How does the process of transcription differ from translation in gene expression?
1
,✔✔Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA, while translation is the process of
converting mRNA into a specific protein at the ribosome.
What role do microtubules play in cell division?
✔✔Microtubules form the mitotic spindle that separates chromosomes into daughter cells during
mitosis and meiosis.
What is the significance of the enzyme telomerase in cell division?
✔✔Telomerase extends the telomeres of chromosomes, allowing cells to divide without losing
important genetic information and is crucial for maintaining cellular longevity.
How do secondary messengers function in signal transduction pathways?
✔✔Secondary messengers relay and amplify signals from extracellular molecules, such as
hormones, inside the cell to elicit a physiological response.
2
,What is the role of the p53 protein in cancer prevention?
✔✔The p53 protein acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the cell cycle and inducing
apoptosis in cells with damaged DNA, thereby preventing cancer development.
How do transcription factors influence gene expression?
✔✔Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences to promote or inhibit the transcription
of target genes, thus regulating gene expression.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
✔✔The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins
destined for secretion, membrane insertion, or lysosomal use.
What is the role of the mitochondrion's inner membrane in ATP production?
✔✔The inner membrane of the mitochondrion contains the electron transport chain and ATP
synthase, which are essential for the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
3
, How does the process of glycolysis contribute to cellular metabolism?
✔✔Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH, which are
critical for energy production and further metabolic pathways.
What is the function of aquaporins in cellular membranes?
✔✔Aquaporins are membrane proteins that facilitate the rapid movement of water across cell
membranes, aiding in water balance and cellular hydration.
How does the process of mitosis ensure genetic consistency in daughter cells?
✔✔Mitosis ensures genetic consistency by accurately replicating and distributing identical
copies of chromosomes to each daughter cell, maintaining genetic stability.
What is the role of the endosome in intracellular trafficking?
4
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