PSU BBH 101 Exam 3 Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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Module
BBH 101
Institution
BBH 101
Non-modifiable risk factors Age Sex Race Family history In many studies, must be controlled Statistical control: allows for the removal of variables influence
Age Main risk factor for major diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, etc. About 2/3 of all deaths wo...
PSU BBH 101 Exam 3 Questions and
100% Correct Answers
Non-modifiable risk factors ✅Age
Sex
Race
Family history
In many studies, must be controlled
Statistical control: allows for the removal of variables influence
Age ✅Main risk factor for major diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer,
diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, etc.
About 2/3 of all deaths worldwide
This proportion is much higher in industrialized nations due to disease preventions
causing them to live longer
"programmed" aspect of aging ✅we are designed to only last a certain amount of time
Example: telomeres: cell divisions in chromosomes
accumulated damage aspects of aging ✅DNA damage, build-up of waste products,
damage due to free radical production
Sex ✅Reasons for disparities are often unclear and vary depending on condition
Example: Males have a slightly higher risk of developing and dying from cancer than
females because hormonal levels, women are more likely to go to the doctors than men
Race ✅There are disparities among this for many conditions
Reasons are not clear nor consistent
May involve genetic factors, cultural differences, differences in socioeconomic status,
etc.
Family history ✅Some diseases are clearly heritable
e.g. Huntington's disease
Lifestyle and environment are associated
Early life environment determined by family members (second hand smoke)
Behaviors can be influenced by genetics and environment
Primary prevention ✅Occurs before someone is sick
Prevent illness before it happens
Doctor telling patient to exercise due to family history
Secondary prevention ✅Identify disease in people who do not know they have it
, Screening for cancer
Tertiary prevention ✅Prevention used for people that know they have a disease
Diabetes medication
Health Belief Model (HBM) ✅perceived susceptibility: How likely they think they will get
the disease
perceived severity: How bad they think the disease will be
perceived benefits of action: Pros and cons of disease(alcoholism)
barriers to action: any messages, outside or inside, that motivates change
Used to explain no one getting free tuberculosis shot
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) ✅attitude: pros and cons about behavior
influence of societal norms: How do other people feel about behavior
perception of control: How much control does the individual think they have over the
situation
Transtheoretical model (TTM) ✅1) precontemplation: Not thinking about making a
change
2) contemplation: Recognize problem and think about making change
3) preparation: Think about how they can make a change
4) action: Make the change
5) maintenance: Keeping up with the change
6) relapse: The change is reversed
"Upward spiral"
Health promotion ✅Efforts to help people change lifestyle and behavior to achieve
optimal health
Stress ✅a negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical,
physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed either toward altering
the stressful event or accommodating to its effects
can involve biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences
Claude Bernard ✅Believes people can predict how people can behave due to them
wanting to keep their environment the same; back to normalsy
Hans Selye ✅Experiments with rats in 1930s
Found out different injections were giving same response due to stress from needles
non-specificity of stress response
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
general adaptation syndrome (GAS) ✅Alarm: Notice a change
Resistance/adaptation: Able to cope
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