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Summary To what extent is socialism a unified ideology - Essay plan
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- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Summary of 2 pages for the course Unit 1: UK politics and ideologies at PEARSON (essay plan)
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How unified of an ideology is socialism?Argument = more disunited than united
Acknowledge there are similarities.
Human Nature:
- Fundamentalists and social democrats believe humans are naturally sociable and
cooperative. Believe they are moulded by society.
- Argue capitalism imposes unrelenting pressures on humans resulting in selfish
behaviour.
- Support a more collectivist society.
- Social democrats would argue the welfare state is a collectivist endeavour.
- Third way socialists believe humans can still flourish in capitalism. Individualism is
promoted far more than social democrats and fundamentalists.
- The third way believe that the role of the state must be balanced with the
responsibilities of the individual. More limited welfare state approach.
- Evolutionary socialists reject revolutionary methods to find human potential.
- Fundamentalist socialists would argue that the difference people have with the cost
of living crisis demonstrates a need for a collectivist society.
- Social democrats would argue that Keir Starmer’s energy policy represents managed
capitalism.
- Third-way socialists would argue that interfering with the market too much would
be counterproductive.
Economy and state:
- Fundamentalists believe in the abolition of capitalism and privatisation.
- Later social democrats and third-way socialists accepted, although through taming
and reform, capitalism.
- Social democrats reject full nationalisation. Keynesian and mixed economies are
more accepted.
- The third way supports free market and neo-liberalism.
- However social democrats would have been wary of large private companies.
- Social democrats and third way believe that the state has a role to play.
- Social democrats believe in using the state to make gradual social reforms.
- The third way wants to reform the states through devolution.
- The biggest difference between evolutionary socialists and revolutionary socialists.
- Evolutionary, third way and social democrats, believe that working-class suffrage is
made redundant revolutionary ideas about the overthrow. Believe the masses would
naturally vote for socialist parties.
- Revolutionary socialists believe in the destruction of all state institutions and the
replacement of them with something completely different. Believe in this because of
historical materialism and dialectic, inequality ultimately leads to conflict and
change.
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