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Chapter 42 The Child with an Immunologic Alteration
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Chapter 42 The Child with an Immunologic Alteration
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Chapter 42: The Child with an Immunologic AlterationTest Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse in a well-child clinic is teaching parents about their child’s immune system. Which
statement by the nurse is correct?
a. The immune system distinguishes and actively protects the body’s own cells from
foreign substances.
b. The immune system is fully developed by 1 year of age.
c. The immune system protects the child against communicable diseases in the first 6
years of life.
d. The immune system responds to an offending agent by producing antigens.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The immune system responds to foreign substances, or antigens, by producing
antibodies and storing information. Intact skin, mucous membranes, and
processes such as coughing, sneezing, and tearing help maintain internal
homeostasis.
B Children up to age 6 or 7 years have limited antibodies against common bacteria.
The immunoglobulins reach adult levels at different ages.
C Immunization is the basis from which the immune system activates protection
against some communicable diseases.
D Antibodies are produced by the immune system against invading agents, or
antigens.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 1039
OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. A nurse is teaching parents about the importance of immunizations for infants because of
immaturity of the immune system. The parents demonstrate that they understand the teaching
if they make which statement?
a. “The spleen reaches full size by 1 year of age.”
b. “IgM, IgE, and IgD levels are high at birth.”
c. “IgG levels in the newborn infant are low at birth.”
d. “Absolute lymphocyte counts reach a peak during the first year.”
ANS: D
Feedback
A The spleen reaches its full size during adulthood.
B IgM, IgE, and IgD are normally in low concentration at birth. IgM, IgE, IgA, and
IgD do not cross the placenta.
C The term newborn infant receives an adult level of IgG as a result of
transplacental transfer from the mother.
, D Absolute lymphocyte counts reach a peak during the first year.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 1040
OBJ: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Which organs and tissues control the two types of specific immune functions?
a. The spleen and mucous membranes
b. Upper and lower intestinal lymphoid tissue
c. The skin and lymph nodes
d. The thymus and bone marrow
ANS: D
Feedback
A Both the spleen and mucous membranes are secondary organs of the immune
system that act as filters to remove debris and antigens and foster contact with T
lymphocytes.
B Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is a secondary organ of the immune system. This
tissue filters antigens entering the gastrointestinal tract.
C The skin and lymph nodes are secondary organs of the immune system.
D The thymus controls cell-mediated immunity (cells that mature into T
lymphocytes). The bone marrow controls humoral immunity (stem cells for B
lymphocytes).
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1039
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
4. Which statement is true regarding how infants acquire immunity?
a. The infant acquires humoral and cell-mediated immunity in response to infections
and immunizations.
b. The infant acquires maternal antibodies that ensure immunity up to 12 months age.
c. Active immunity is acquired from the mother and lasts 6 to 7 months.
d. Passive immunity develops in response to immunizations.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Infants acquire long-term active immunity from exposure to antigens and
vaccines. Immunity is acquired actively and passively.
B The term infant’s passive immunity is acquired from the mother and begins to
dissipate during the first 6 to 8 months of life.
C Passive immunity is acquired from the mother.
D Active immunity develops in response to immunizations.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 1042
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
5. What is the most common mode of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in
the pediatric population?
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