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NURA 221 FINAL EXAM LATEST UPDATED
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NURA 221 FINAL EXAM LATESTUPDTED
How do ACE inhibitors work?
prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which prevents
vasoconstriction
list of ACE inhibitors
•captopril (Capoten)
•enalapril (Vasotec)
•enalaprilat (Vasotec IV)
•lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
•ramipril (Altace)
•Benazepril (Lotensin)
•fosinopril (Monopril)
•moexipril (Univasc)
•perindopril (Aceon)
•trandolapril (Mavik)
known as the prils
clinical uses for ACE inhibitors
hypertension
heart failure
myocardial infarction
,insulin resistance
SE/AR of ACE inhibitors
•Renal insufficiency
•Hyperkalemia
•Hypotension
•Dry cough
•Rash
•Angioedema
Nursing considerations for ACE inhibitors
•Patient education: swelling in eyes and lips; body may feel different as it adjusts to
lower BP, beware of orthostatic hypotension
•Vital signs
•History of OTC medications
•Patient precautions
•D/C K+ supplements
•Angioedema
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
-ARBs
-block the actions of angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
-similar effects as ACE inhibitors
Benefits of ARBs
•ARBs do not cause hyperkalemia or dry hacking cough; significantly reduce the
risk of angioedema
list of angiotensin II receptor blockers
,•losartan (Cozaar)
•candesartan (Atacand)
•irbesartan (Avapro)
•telmisartan (Micardis)
•valsartan (Diovan)
•olmesartan (Benicar)
three classes of diuretics
loop, thiazide, potassium sparing
clinical indications for diuretics
•Acute renal failure
•Chronic renal failure
•Congestive heart failure
•Acute pulmonary edema
•Hypertension
list of loop diuretics
•furosemide (Lasix)
•ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
•bumetanide (Bumex
list of potassium-sparing diuretics
•spironolactone (Aldactone)
•amiloride (Midamor)
•triamterene (Dyrenium)
list of thiazide diuretics
, •hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril, Esidrix)
•chlorothiazide (Diuril)
•bendroflumethazide (Naturetin)
•methyclothiazide (Enduron)
•quinethazone (Hydromox)
•metolazone (Zaroxolyn, Diulo)
•chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
•indapamide (Lozol)
SE/AR of diuretics
•Orthostatic Hypotension
•Blood volume depletion
•Fluid & electrolyte imbalances
which diuretics cause hyperkalemia
potassium sparing
which diuretics cause hypokalemia
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