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NURA 221 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NURA 221 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIEDANSWERS
What is the neurotransmitter released by all presynaptic neurons at the ganglia and
at the synapse of the postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic nerves? -
ANSWER Acetylcholine
What are the neurotransmitters associated with the sympathetic nerves? They are
released at the synapse of the post-synaptic neuron. - ANSWER Norepinephrine,
Epinephrine, and Dopamine
These are drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system by mimicking
the effects of the PNS neurotransmitter acetylcholine. - ANSWER Cholinergic
Meds
Cholinergic meds are also known as? - ANSWER Parasympathomimetics
What are the two receptors involved in cholinergic meds? - ANSWER Nicotinic
and Muscarinic
These cholinergic receptors are located in both the SNS and PNS postganglionic
neurons and skeletal muscles - ANSWER Nicotinic
These cholinergic receptors are located in the PNS target organs except for the
heart. - ANSWER Muscarinic
Stimulation of what receptors that occurs with low doses of cholinergics produces
the desired drug effects. - ANSWER Muscarinic
Stimulation of what receptors occurs with high doses of cholinergic produces the
side effects and adverse effects? - ANSWER Nicotinic
______-acting cholinergic agonists bind to the receptors to activate them
mimicking acetylcholine. - ANSWER Direct
_____-acting cholinergic agonists inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which
results in more acetylcholine being available at the receptors. - ANSWER Indirect
, There are two types of indirect-acting cholinergic drugs: reversible and irreversible.
True or False - ANSWER True
The type of indirect-acting cholinergic drug binds to cholinesterase for a period of
minutes to hours. - ANSWER Reversible
The type of indirect-acting cholinergic drug creates a covalent bond with
cholinesterase and the body must make more new copies of the enzyme to break
the bonds. - ANSWER Irreversible
What direct acting cholinergic drug is usually used to treat glaucoma and reduces
the intraocular pressure build up in the eye? - ANSWER Pilocarpine
This direct acting cholinergic drug increases the tone and motility of the bladder
and GI tract, relaxes the sphincters in the bladder and GI tract allowing them to
empty. - ANSWER Urecholine
What is the antidote to cholinergics? - ANSWER Atropine
This is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies block acetylcholine receptors
so the person doesn't have acetylcholine available in the body. S/Sx: Muscle
weakness, dysphagia, diplopia, eyelid drooping. - ANSWER Myasthenia gravis
If we see a pt come in with hyperthermia and psychosis what plant should we
consider that the patient has consumed? It is a hallucinogenic plant in which the
patient is basically OD on atropine. - ANSWER Jimson Weed
One of the causes of Alzheimer's is not having enough acetylcholine. True or False
- ANSWER True
Has the use of indirect-acting cholinergic drugs been effective in treating
alzheimer's? - ANSWER No mildly effective
These are drugs that block or inhibit actions of ACh in the PSNS. - ANSWER
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