Exam (elaborations)
ODP test -2 questions and answers
- Module
- Institution
ODP test -2 questions and answers
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
millyphilip
Reviews received
Content preview
ODP test #2 questions and answersWhitening - Preventive and Therapeutic Benefits - Answer -Cosmetic dentistry is
emerging as a health service
• Appearance is an important aspect of nonverbal communication
• Self-perceived attractiveness, including dental esthetics, promotes psychological well-
being and self-confidence
• Social and psychological research has shown that: attractive individuals have
significant advantages (e.g. employment opportunities, earning potential, personal
happiness, overall mental/physical health)
Vital Vs Nonvital Bleaching - Answer -• Vital
• Whitening that occurs with teeth that have a living pulpal tissue
• Nonvital
• Whitening a single tooth that does not have a living pulpal tissue and ceases to give
response to electrical stimuli or temperature changes
Nonvital Bleaching - Answer -Option 1
• Removal of the restoration from the endodontic access cavity
• A 30% to 35% hydrogen peroxide solution or gel is placed in the pulp chamber on a
saturated cotton pellet
• A hot instrument is plunged into the cotton several times to activate the peroxide
Option 2
• "Walking bleach technique"
• A paste/gel containing water and 30-35% hydrogen peroxide is sealed into the pulp
chamber using a temporary restoration
• the patient returns in 2 to 7 days, the whitening material is removed, and a composite
or amalgam restoration is placed in the endodontic access cavity
Mechanism of Bleaching in Vital Teeth - Answer -- Darker teeth take more time to
lighten
- Each tooth reaches a maximum colour change
- Bleaching products cause teeth to become dehydrated
- Colour will stabilize approx 2 weeks after bleaching
Bleaching - Assessment Considerations - Answer -The following factors will be
considered:
• The condition of the dentition; including carious lesions, fractures, pulpal exposures
,• The presence of restorative dental materials which may react to the carbamide and
hydrogen peroxide whitening agents:
- amalgams
- temporary restorations may change colour
- carbamide peroxide may reduce the bond strength of resin composite systems to
treated enamel and dentin; postpone restorative tx for 2 weeks
- patients with crowns, bridges, implants and composite restorations in the anterior teeth
The current level of tooth sensitivity:
• Histological pulpal changes generally show a reversal of the changes and repair within
60 to 92 days
• Patients with recession and exposed cementum are not ideal candidates - if they do
whiten their teeth how can we minimize their sensitivity?
The etiology, intensity and depth of the tooth discolouration:
• Which type of discolourations respond best to bleaching agents?
• Improved results can be obtained with the more challenging intrinsic stains with in-
office bleaching system
• The DDS may also choose to treat fluorosis discolourations with a micro-abrasive
slurry, either alone, or in combination with a tooth bleaching
The periodontal status, which may affect the incidence and degree of soft tissue
irritation:
• Patients should be free of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease
• Presence of soft and hard deposits:
- these deposits need to be removed from the teeth before the trays are placed in order
to achieve optimal whitening
Restorative status:
- whitening may want to be performed prior to placing veneers or composite resins
Dentition:
- when tooth whitening is performed on children, the process must be monitored very
closely
- deciduous teeth are a particular concern for accelerated sensitivity
Mechanism of Bleaching in Vital Teeth - Answer -- Bleaching products penetrate
enamel and dentin reaching the pulp within 5-15 minutes
- Bleaching products breakdown larger organic molecules into smaller, less pigmented
particles
- Oxygen is released from product and alters the optical qualities of the tooth colour
- Colour of both enamel and dentin are changed
Vital Tooth Whitening Materials - Answer -Hydrogen Peroxide
• Used directly or produced through a chemical reaction
• Has a lower pH than carbamide peroxide, which may result in demineralization or
erosion when used for longer treatment times than recommended
, • May result in dentin changes which never recover
• Takes less time per day, but more days to change tooth color effectively
• Higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide may result in greater sensitivity and more
color relapse after termination of bleaching
Carbamide Peroxide
• Active agent in most bleaching systems in a 10% concentration
• Breaks down into hydrogen peroxide and urea
• Urea may further break down into ammonia with high pH to facilitate bleaching.
• Has slow release: 50% of peroxide released in 2-4 hours and remainder of peroxide in
2-6 hours resulting in less sensitivity
• At neutral pH, 10% solution is both safe and effective
• Takes fewer days but more contact time to change tooth color effectively
Other Ingredients - Answer -Desensitizers Materials to reduce the sensitivity side effect
of bleach-ing may be added to bleaching systems
Materials can be:
• Incorporated into the bleaching gel
• Applied to teeth before bleaching
• Given for use in trays before, during, and after treatment
Material used:
• Potassium nitrate: creates a calming effect on pulp by affecting the transmission of
nerve impulses
• Sodium fluoride: aid in remineralization
• Calcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate: aid in remineralization
• Carbopol: a water-soluble resin used as a thickening agent, which:
• Prolongs the release of hydrogen peroxide from carb-amide peroxide.
• Promotes quicker results
Glycerin: a gel to thicken and control the flow of bleaching agent to prevent
overextending onto gingival tissues
Sodium hydroxide: a cleaning agent
Surfactants: help to lift and remove extrinsic stains
Flavoring: aids in patient satisfaction and compliance
Planning Considerations - Answer -Hydrogen peroxide vs Carbamide peroxide?
- "High and fast" Vs. "Low and slow"
Home versus in-office treatment versus a combination
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller millyphilip. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £9.80. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79789 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now