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MT AAB IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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MT AAB IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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MT AAB STUDY GUIDE TESTQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What term describes the morphology of organisms that vary in shape and size? -
Answer-Pleomorphic
i.e. coccobacilli
Bacteriology arrangements: - Answer--pairs (diplococci "N. Gon"; diplobacilli
-chains (streptococci, streptobacilli)
-grape like clusters (staphylococci)
-group of four-tetrads (peptococcus)
-packets of eight-cuboidal (sarcina)
-palisades (corneybacterium)
Capsules are the basis of which test? - Answer-serotyping
and identification (capsules are antigenic); they are observed using India ink (negative
staining)
representative organisms (Strep pneumo, Kleb pneumo, Haemophilus influenza, and
Neisseria meningitidius)
A mucoid colony on blood agar medium indicates that which of the following
characteristics may be present? - Answer-Organism has a capsule.
-it surrounds some bacteria
What are dark staining granules called? - Answer-Metachromatic granunles
-affinity for basic dyes
-stains such as Albert, Neisser, and methylene blue
Which of the following organisms are non-motile? - Answer-Shigella and Klebsiella
(with exception to Salmonella--other "ella" are nonmotile)
Shigella (neg) vs Salmonella (pos)
Klebsiella (neg) vs Enterobacter (pos)
Bacillus anthracis (neg) vs most bacillus species (pos) best observed at 25C
35-37C ,au be inhibitory
In the bacterial growth cycle, growth ceases because nutrients are exhausted or toxic
metabolic products have accumulated in which phase? - Answer-Stationary phase
,(plateau ceases-nutrients exhausted/toxic)
Which of the following genera of bacteria form spores? - Answer-Bacillus and
Clostridium
endospores-non feeding, non motile, non reproductive
-highly resistant to heat, drying, freezing; toxic chemical & radiation.
(Sporulating bacteria-bacteria in which spores are forming)
What term is used to describe bacteria that grow in the absence of atmospheric oxygen
and obtain oxygen from oxygen-containing compounds? - Answer-Anaerobes
Aerobes - Answer-grows in presence of (free) O2
Capnophiles - Answer-growth enhanced by increased CO2
aerotolerants - Answer-does not grow well but tolerate (survive) in presence of oxygen
What is the temperature at which bacteria grow best known as? - Answer-Optimum
mesophilic - Answer-grows best 35-37C; most organisms will grow at 20C
thermophilic - Answer-heat loving (50*55C); autoclaving procedures
psychotrophilic - Answer-cold loving (10C)-blood bank contaminancts
On blood agar plates a small zone of alpha hemolysis surrounded by a zone of beta
hemolysis after refrigeration is known as what type of hemolysis? - Answer-Alpha-prime
hemolysis
-Beta hemolysis (clear, colorless-complete hemolysis)
-alpa hemolysis (green, incomplete hemolysis)
-Gamma hemolysis (no hemolysis)
What is the most effective method of sterilization? - Answer-Autoclaving (steam at 121C
@ 16 lbs pressure for 15-30 min)-**QC Bacillus STEAROTHERMOPHILUS
-boiling method (kills all veg-not all spores/viruses (100C for 15-30 min)
Under Fractional Sterilization (used to sterilize media containing mile or serum)
-alternate heating which kills vegetative cells, followed by incubation when spores
germinate, followed by heating, which kills the remaining
tyndallization-flowing steam for 30 min on 3 successive days
-inspissation-75-80C for 2 hrs on 3 successive days
,Which of the following is used for quality control for the dry heat oven? - Answer-
Bacillus subtilis
Dry Heat method
-kills by oxidation
-oven 160-180C for 1-2 hours
-QUALITY CONTROLS (Bacillus Subtilis)
Media that cannot be heated can be sterilized by what alternate method? - Answer-
Filtration
asbestos filter-98% effective
membrane filter-0.22 micron = 100% bacterial sterility
for media that are degraded by heat;
Which one of the following disinfectants is the most effective germicide against bacteria,
spores, tubercle bacilli, fungi, and viruses? - Answer-Chlorine (bleach)
oxidizes organic matter
2% aqueous glutaraldehyde
safe for delicate lensed instruments
poor activity against Pseudomonas
What is a term that describes a process or treatment that renders a medical device,
instrument, or environmental surface safe to handle? - Answer-Decontamination
process can range from sterilization or disinfection to just cleaning with soap and water
What color do gram-positive bacteria stain? - Answer-Purple
- Crystal violet (1 min) will stain for gram positive
- Mordent iodine (1 min) increases affinity or binding of dye
- Decolorizer has 95% alcoholic or aqueous sol'n of dye (2-5 seconds)--most critical
step
- safranin (counterstain) (1 min) will stain for gram neg bact
Acid-fast bacteria appear what color microscopically? - Answer-Red
Hot: Ziehl-Neelson retains the primary dye (carbohlfuchsin)
Acid-fast organisms in tissue are best stained by which of the following methods? -
Answer-Kinyoun
Cold: Kinyoun also stains acid fast organisms in TISSUE
, Which of the following should be used to remove antimicrobials before culturing? -
Answer-Antimicrobial removal device (ARD)
this is for patients taking antibiotics, can utilize a special broth to remove the antibiotics
prior to culture.
Which statement concerning sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) is NOT true? -
Answer-Activates some antimicrobials
What are some functions of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)? - Answer-Prevents
blood from clotting, prevents phagocytosis, and neutralizes the bactericidal effect of
human serum.
What is the most abundant normal flora in throat cultures? - Answer-Alpha-hemolytic
streptococci
Why is it recommended to stab the blood agar plate when setting up throat cultures? -
Answer-Some streptococci may not produce beta hemolysis under aerobic conditions.
culture may include anaerobic conditions for Beta Strept
What is the most common pathogen is throat cultures? - Answer-Streptococcus
pyogenes
Nasopharangeal swabs are recommended for the detection of which carriers? - Answer-
H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, and B. pertussis
Why is a first morning urine specimen preferred for urine cultures? - Answer-Specimen
is more concentrated.
What indicates vaginal or urethral contamination of urine? - Answer-Greater than 10
squamous epithelial cells per hpf.
How are smears of cerebrospinal fluid prepared? - Answer-Centrifuged CSF sediment
Smears of CSF are usually stained with which stain? - Answer-Gram stain
or India ink (cryptococcus)
Which of the following tests for bacterial antigen on cultures isolated from CSF is more
sensitive and faster? - Answer-Latex agglutination tests
Which of the following is not the cause of a venereal disease? - Answer-Haemophilus
aegyptius
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