These Geography A-Level notes on Migration Trends provide a concise overview of global migration patterns, including causes, effects, and key trends over time. The notes are designed to help students understand the factors driving migration and its impact on different regions, making them a valuabl...
Migration Trends
1. Roughly 70% of migrants originate from the Southern hemisphere and hence roughly 30%
originate from the Northern hemisphere. This is because the Southern hemisphere is on average
a lot poorer and less developed than the northern hemisphere and therefore as people usually
migrate to richer places because there is more incentive there is a greater number of migrants
that originate from the South.
2. The bigger the geographic size of a country is the less international migration there is as people
are able to move to different areas within the same country (eg the United States). However,
when there is a group of countries with a smaller geographic size then there is more likely to be
more international migration (eg Europe). Especially as there are groups such as the EU that
allows freedom of movement with a selection of countries.
3. International migration has increased due to three revolutions:
Improvement in Communication
People can communicate with people once they have migrated and therefore
alert others back at their original country of job opportunities and routes to
migrate.
Improvement in Transport
Better transport allows for more people to move between areas quicker and
therefore it makes it easier to migrate.
Improvement in Human Right
In the past if illegal immigrants were found in some countries, then it could
result in the being given corporal punishment or even capital punishment.
These days however, due to a change in human rights after the second world
war. Therefore, the risk has mostly been reduced of just being sent back to the
country that you came from.
4. Europe has third of the worlds international migrants as it is a collection of small countries and
therefore this makes it more likely to have more international migrants as people don’t need to
travel very far to change countries. Also, the EU allows for freedom of movement between a
group of countries which would more greatly increase international migration.
5. There are several reasons people move to the USA and Canada. Many reasons include,
underpopulated so lots of space and cheap housing, religious freedom, social unrest. People are
mostly in search of safety and stability which they believe that the US and Canada offer.
6. Demographic and economic inequality is where a minority of the world population have most of
the wealth. This means though that the three revolutions have been mostly made and
developed in the richest countries. This means that the revolutions have been more prevalent in
more developed countries.
7. With massive population growth expected in Africa it is likely that there will be several migration
streams flowing from here to all over the world but particularly Europe and North America. They
may also migrate to China which would give them higher wages for the same labour jobs and
maybe easier to get into.
8. Groups that allow freedom of movement will increase international migration as when it is
easier for people to migrate it is more likely that they will migrate as there are less barriers to
movement.
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