These Geography A-Level notes offer a comprehensive case study on transport management strategies, analysing how various cities (including London, Bangkok and Curitiba) address challenges related to congestion, pollution, and efficiency. The notes cover key approaches such as public transit improve...
Transport management strategies
City Features of transport Economic sustainability Environmental Social sustainability Overall Evaluation of the
schemes sustainability scheme
Curitiba Bus service that has been to The buses are locally The old noisy and polluting Passengers board and alight The alternative might have been
function like a subway system. assembled by Volvo, reducing buses have been replaced by the buses using a special excavation for a subway, but this
There are also bus lanes which transportation costs for the more efficient models. The tube on Curitiba’s central can take years if not decades, and
are separated from the rest of city that would have been separated bus lanes and the transit routes so that the money Curitiba has saved has
the road traffic to allow a vastly inflated had the buses tube bus stops reduce the boarding is not delayed by been used for other social causes.
smoother flow of traffic. This had to be imported. As the length of time that the buses fare collection. The glass For example, in 1976 the city
allows the buses to be much buses are biarticulated this spend idle and therefore this tube provides citizens with adopted a slum relocation plan to
faster. The bus routes are means that they can carry reduces the sustainability. As a clean, protected area in assist low-income housing near the
designed so that there are 4,000 passengers a day which the buses are biarticulated which wo wait for the bus. city centre. By meeting the needs of
express routes into the city generates lots of revenue for meaning they can carry many The platform of the tube the poorest the city has also saved
centre and then slower routes the city. The bus services more people this means that station is parallel to that of money and energy because low-
that connect the suburbs to these have also created many jobs they are much more efficient in the buses, so there are no income neighbourhoods, with all
at different transit centres. for people within the city terms of a per person basis. awkward steps to climb, the available amenities lessen the
from those assembling them, and the bus is wheelchair need for travel.
to the drivers. accessible.
Bangkok Bangkok has 55% of Thailand’s The Thai Government Journeys are usually slow Accidents occur frequently Overall, Bangkok still has many
cars with only 15% of the nation developed a number of leading to air pollution due to due to poor road design, transport challenges and many
population. Supposedly railways including the lots od idling and most of the and this increases the attempts at solving these have been
Bangkok’s Mass Transit Authority elevated ‘skytrain’ and an city lives just 2m above sea congestion problems. The unsuccessful, such as the skytrain
is responsible for managing traffic underground railway aimed level leading to constant roads are also outdated which is used but not to its full
and reducing congestion. In 2010 at easing congestion. The flooding in the monsoon and have no kept up with capacity.
they announced a ‘Bus Rapid skytrain was opened in 1999 season. If transport systems are the rapid population
Transport’ system, a network of but it has never hit the not used to full capacity, then growth and are therefore in
dedicated bus lanes separated 600,000 users a day required they are not as efficient as they need of development.
from traffic. to pay off the project. could be.
London London has introduced several The congestion charge zone The congestion charge zone has The congestion charge zone Before the congestion zone charge
management strategies such as generates over £50 million a reduced congestion by 26%. has also led to a reduction was introduced it was estimated
the congestion charge zone year that is largely spent on This scheme combined with in road accident within the congestion was costing businesses
where vehicles in central London improving bus services. The improved vehicle technology zone (40-70%). The low £2 million a week, and the scheme
have to pay an extra ‘tax’. They low emission charge means has led to a reduction in nitrous emissions zone could deter has been effective in lowering
have also introduced the low there is a daily charge for oxide emission of 13% and a business from the city due congestion levels and reducing
emissions zone which has been some vehicles ranging reduction of particulate matter to extra charges. An journey times. The impact of the
introduced in all of London to between £100-200 emissions of 15% since 2002. increase in cyclist has low emissions zone is hard to
deter the most polluting heavy depending on the vehicle. The low emissions zone has created social tensions measure however it had definitely
diesel vehicles. There have also The Boris Bike scheme was deterred heavy polluting between drivers and cyclist reduced the number of heavy
been improvements to the cycle sponsored by Santander and vehicles resulting in a reduction potentially as there are no polluting vehicles in London. In
network with cycle charges the users a small cost in air pollution. Increasing cycle requirements to be able to some areas cycling has become
superhighways being built as well to rent a bike and ride it infrastructure encourages more ride a bike and cyclist don’t more main stream however in other
as the Boris Bike scheme where between different ‘stations. people to cycle and thus pay road tax. areas cyclist can actually hold up
anyone in London could rent a reduces the use of pollution traffic creating more congestion.
bike. emitting transport alternatives.
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