UNIT 5 PATHO MN551, UNIT 4 PATHO,
UNIT3PATHO, UNIT2 MN551 PATHO,
UNIT 1 MN 551 PATHO QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of edema? -
ANSWER An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught at his
visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best
accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - ANSWER Products of the tumor itself as well as a
hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures that govern
ventilation?
Question options: - ANSWER Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest wall
Increased thrombopoietin levels - ANSWER Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl developed
scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed. Which of the following
results is most likely to be considered unexpected by the health care team?
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal circulation would be
most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - ANSWER Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to
muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the infant's first week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect blood to be
largely free of plasma proteins? - ANSWER Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital is at risk for
developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following teaching points by
her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options: - ANSWER "You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much
as possible while you're in bed."
,A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal chamber volume,
and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER
Aortic valve stenosis
"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production system." - ANSWER A
couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends to consider harvesting umbilical
cord blood in order to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse
practitioner with this request and are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and
what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to
the couple's inquiry?
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes, neither of which could
have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best captures the genetic
explanation for this? - ANSWER The outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative
genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he has been
awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to void with little warning
during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic
problem? - ANSWER Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts of mucus.
Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the following changes would a
care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of this change? - ANSWER Increased amounts
of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and
bacteria and thus prevent their entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an
inadequate mucociliary blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and
increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart failure. The
nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle in bed and is observing
her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous distention a useful indicator for the assessment of
the patient's condition? - ANSWER Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at
the point of entry into the heart.
, Bacterial - ANSWER Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent that has
a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters,
has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial accident several years
prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have
been noted in the patient? - ANSWER Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - ANSWER A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia. Which of the
following other health problems is the child at risk for?
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest increase in the risk
that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - ANSWER A woman who has herpes simplex and recently
recovered from endocarditis
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the prerenal
form of acute renal failure? - ANSWER A 22-year-old male who has lost a large amount of blood following
a workplace injury
As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of cardiovascular disease, the
care team has identified the need for a record of the electrical activity of his heart, insight into the
metabolism of his myocardium, and physical measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the
following series of tests is most likely to provide the needed data for his diagnosis and care? - ANSWER
Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask due to her reduced lung compliance.
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to be a contributor to her low lung
compliance? - ANSWER Her thoracic cage is less flexible than when she was healthy.
A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is experiencing impaired
gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. Which of the following phenomena
would her care team most realistically anticipate? - ANSWER Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in
plasma HCO3- and her pH will decrease.
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