BBH 311 EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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BBH 311
Institution
BBH 311
Mechanistic thinking thinking about how things happen and not just why Physical laws and principles
How does science progress? -sometimes incrementally, sometimes people just try new things. -scientific progress is caused by new world views. -previous scientists reinvent paradigm and that is how s...
bbh 311 exam 2 study questions and correct answers
mechanistic thinking thinking about how things ha
how does science progress sometimes incremental
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BBH 311 EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Mechanistic thinking ✅thinking about how things happen and not just why
Physical laws and principles
How does science progress? ✅-sometimes incrementally, sometimes people just try
new things.
-scientific progress is caused by new world views.
-previous scientists reinvent paradigm and that is how science keeps moving forward.
History of science ✅caused by a steady progression of truths
Thomas kuhn ✅-old views of science is flawed
-"world view of science" = paradigm
-scientific progress is caused by new world views
- previous scientists reinventing paradigms keeps science moving forward
Paradigm shifts occur when... ✅1) new paradigm is invented
2) old paradigm inadequate --> reevaluation of research
Causes of paradigm shifts ✅- finding something you were not looking for
- tools such as technology, telescope for example
-extension of our senses
Serendipity ✅finding something you were not looking for
Puzzle solving research is not a creative operation ✅true
Building blocks of a new paradigm ✅scientist observations → competing paradigms →
dominate paradigm → rapid
Research progress → paradigm crisis → paradigm shift
Why are definition important? ✅preliminary presentation of something, serves as plan
for larger object
Medical models ✅- patient viewed as passive
- treatment done to us
Current model: individuals construct own development
Negative health model ✅viewing health simply as the absence of illness or disease
, Positive health model ✅focusing on aspects of life that produce health and well being
Biobehavioral health model ✅focusing on health in all facets of health and viewing
health as being psychologically and physically
Levels of analysis in health research (5) ✅- social/environmental
-behavioral/psychological
-organ systems
-cellular
-molecular
Multiple levels of analysis ✅-top-down vs bottom-up
-progress can go either direction and within levels
-strengths: having more people working means more thoughts and ideas
-weaknesses: miscommunications among team members, mutual respect is required,
have to focus on a common goal
Then vs. Now (levels of analysis) ✅then: one or two scientists work to complete all
levels
Now: teams come together to work through all levels simultaneously
Cahill and mcgaugh hypothesis ✅specific hormonal and brain systems activated by
emotional arousal regulate long-term memory storage
-exogenous and endgenius influences of memory storage
Role of cortisol in memory ✅no cortisol = impaired memory
Low, acute cortisol = enhances memory
High long lasting cortisol = impaired memory
*** inverted u-shaped graph
Role of adrenaline in memory ✅quick acting
More adrenaline = enhanced memory
Parallel causation ✅each level of analysis may contain risk factors for a single health
outcome or pathogenic process
Convergent causation ✅interaction from at least 2 levels of analysis lead to health
outcome
-unidirectional- one level is influencing another to contribute to that outcome
Reciprocal causation ✅two way influence across levels
-the biological addiction contributes to the maintenance of smoking behavior - smoking
behavior leads to biological changes and further serve to maintain this behavior
-bidirectional- two systems are influencing each other
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