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Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions &
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Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region)
Ξ -:- Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage
Ξ -:- Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and epigastric pain
Ξ -:- Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually.
Ξ -:- Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive
Ξ -:- Chronic Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and hematemesis.
Ξ -:- Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a
sensation of fullness after minimal intake.
Ξ -:- Chronic Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic reaction
Ξ -:- Gastroenteritis
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Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease
Ξ -:- Chronic Gastroenteritis
Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked chicken or eggs
Ξ -:- Acute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting
Ξ -:- Gastroenteritis
Most common cause of chronic gastritis
Ξ -:- Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation. Genetic
vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress) may increase the susceptibility
Ξ -:- Helicobacter pylori
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination, long-term use of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions,
and other chronic disease
Ξ -:- Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
Ξ -:- Chronic Gastritis
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration
and bleeding.
Ξ -:- Gastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also back up into the
esophagus.
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Ξ -:- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa
Ξ -:- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes,
spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity,
pregnancy, certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and
anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying
Ξ -:- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when recombinant),
dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump in the
throat.
Ξ -:- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and chronic pulmonary
disease
Ξ -:- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease
Ξ -:- GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Ξ -:- Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (NSAIDs), H.
pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those for GERD.
Ξ -:- Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI tract wall.
Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms
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Ξ -:- Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Types of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Ξ -:- Duodenal Ulcers
Gastric Ulcers
Stress Ulcers
Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections. Typically present with
epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food
Ξ -:- Duodenal ulcers
Less frequent but more deadly. Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs. Pain typically worsens with eating.
Ξ -:- Gastric Ulcers
Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the body due to local tissue ischemia, tissue
acidosis, bile salts entering the stomach, and decreased GI motility.
Ξ -:- Stress ulcers
Stress ulcers associated with burns
Ξ -:- Curling's ulcers
Stress ulcers associated with head injuries
Ξ -:- Cushing's ulcers
Most frequently develop in the stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of the precipitating
event.
Ξ -:- Stress ulcers
Often hemorrhage is the first indicator because the ulcer develops rapidly and tends to be masked
by the primary problem
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