What concept does the "garden hose" analogy illustrate in this lesson? If you went out to water your plants and wanted to increase the velocity of water coming out of the hose, you would have two options: you could open the spigot more to increase the amount of water coming into the house at one ti...
BBH 432 Exam 2- Lesson 5 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
What concept does the "garden hose" analogy illustrate in this lesson? ✅If you went
out to water your plants and wanted to increase the velocity of water coming out of the
hose, you would have two options: you could open the spigot more to increase the
amount of water coming into the house at one time, or you can change the diameter at
the end of the hose to make it smaller. This illustrates what your cardiovascular system
does during a stressor. Increasing the velocity of blood (increasing the amount of
oxygen and glucose getting to the brain, head, and large muscle areas) happens by two
basic mechanisms: increasing the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each
beat and decreasing the diameter of your blood vessels.
What is cardiac output (CO)? ✅-volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
-increasing the amount of blood coming out of your heart with each beat increases CO
What is stroke volume (SV)? ✅-The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat
-increasing the volume of blood pushed out of the heart with each beat
What is the equation for determining cardiac output? ✅CO = SV x BPM
What is total peripheral resistance (TPR)? ✅-vascular resistance to blood flow
-by decreasing the diameter of blood vessels, we not only increase the velocity of blood
moving through them, but we also increase the pressure on those vessels.
-So blood pressure, or the pressure on those vessels made by blood moving through
them, is the result of both an increase in the amount of blood being pumped into them
and an increase in the resistance by those vessels. (BP=CO+TPR)
What is typically the first indicator of cardiovascular disease? ✅Hypertension aka high
blood pressure
What is the threshold for hypertension? ✅140/90 mmHg
What is the pre-hypertension range? ✅120-139 systolic
80-89 diastolic
What is normal blood pressure? ✅less than 120/80
What is ischemia? ✅the reduction of blood flow that occurs to some target tissue
What is cardiac ischemia? ✅reduced or blocked blood flow to the heart muscle
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