PSIO 303 Exam 3/Final Questions and
Answers (100% pass)
What are the core components of metabolic syndrome? -
Answer✔️✔️-1. Visceral or central obesity
2. Insulin resistance
3. Hyperinsulinemia
4. Glucose intolerance
5. Dyslipdemia
6. Essential hypertension
Visceral/Central obesity is associated with what parts of metabolic
syndrome? - Answer✔️✔️-Insulin resistance (due to excess FFA's and
other adipokines produced)and hyperinsulinemia
Are underweight conditions associated with metabolic syndrome? -
Answer✔️✔️-Yes
Insulin Resistance - Answer✔️✔️-Normal or elevated insulin levels
don't elicit the expected biological response in the organism or
tissue
What is the primary site of glucose disposal? - Answer✔️✔️-Skeletal
muscle
Hyperinsulinemia - Answer✔️✔️-An increase in insulin secretion is
brought about in order to compensate for the insulin resistant state
and to keep blood glucose as close to normal as possible. Results in
hyperglycemia
Glucose intolerance - Answer✔️✔️-Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Dyslipidemia - Answer✔️✔️-Derangement of the circulating levels of
specific lipids (decrease HDL, increase LDL)
Essential Hypertension - Answer✔️✔️-Insulin resistance and
hyperinsulinemia cause alterncations that cause an increase in
blood volume and total peripheral resistance that results in
hypertension
Normal glucoregulation - Answer✔️✔️-the ability of an organism to
respond appropriately to interventions that cause circulating
glucose levels to deviate from set-point
What 5 organs are involved in whole body glucose homeostasis? -
Answer✔️✔️-1. Skeletal muscle
2. Liver
3. Pancreas
4. Adipose Tissue
5. Hypothalamus
How does Skeletal muscle aid in glucoregulation - Answer✔️✔️-- 40%
of body mass
- responsible for peripheral disposal of glucose in response to oral
glucose/meals
- glucose transport into muscle via myocytes = highly regulated
process stimulated by insulin or contractions
- Glucose molecules transported can be stored as glycogen or
oxidized to make ATP
How does the Liver aid in glucoregulation? - Answer✔️✔️-- Site of
glucose disposal from hepatic portal circulation and from general
circulation
- Critical site of glucose production (mediate by breakdown of
glycogen stores and synthesis of new glucose from precursor
molecules)
- Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (HGP) are under control by
hormonal factors (glucagon and insulin) in accordance to blood
glucose level
What is HGP mediated by? - Answer✔️✔️-1. Breakdown of glycogen
stored in liver (glycogenolysi)
2. Synthesis of new glucose molecules (gluconeogenesis)
How does the Pancreas aid in glucoregulation? - Answer✔️✔️--
Exocrine and endocrine aspects (endocrine consists of different cel
types = critical for normal glucoregulation (alpha and beta cells)
- beta cells: synthesize and secrete insulin (has effect on glucose
transport and storage in cells)
- alpha cells: synthesize and secrete glucagon (critical effects on
HGP)
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