Key summary of key topic one of GCSE Edexcel Cold War and Superpower Relations. In depth knowledge, and key facts noted. Paper Reference 1HI0/P4. Written by a grade 9 student (full marks in Cold War).
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Key Topic 1 - Origins of the Cold
War 1941-58
USA leadership:
1933-45 Roosevelt
1945-53 Truman
1953-61 Eisenhower
Soviet leadership:
1924-53 Stalin
1953 Malenkov
1953-64 Nikita Khrushchev
What was the Cold War?
Cold War started in 1945-46 and lasted for over 40 years ending in 1991 with the fall of
the Berlin Wall.
Cold War was similar to a hot war but had no direct fighting
Causes and Consequences
East vs West
Two rival armed camps - NATO vs Warsaw Pact
Competing for worldwide influence: Korea and Vietnam
Spying
Propaganda
Arms Race
Space Race
Loans and Aid - Marshall Aid
Communism Capitalism
One party state - Communist Party.
Several parties. Voters can choose their
Politics No choice, unable to change their
government.
government.
Economy No private industry or business. No Most businesses owned privately.
Key Topic 1 - Origins of the Cold War 1941-58 1
, private profit. All owned by state for
benefit of everyone.
Some will be richer. Want to encourage
Everyone equal. Want everyone to be
Beliefs others to be the same for trade and
communist. Censorship.
investment. Little censorship.
During the Bolshevik Revolution, capitalist countries (Churchill) intervened on the other
side of the Bolsheviks providing aid to the Whites.
The Grand Alliance
DURING WWII
In Aug 1944, the Soviet forces left the Polish resistance in Warsaw defenceless against
the Nazis which led to their brutal defeat.
Britain joined the war to ensure Poland’s independence. Stalin wanted Soviet control of
Poland. Churchill discovered a mass grave of 10,000 Polish soldiers murdered by Soviets.
Tehran, November 1943
Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
DISAGREEMENTS:
Churchill wanted to have an Allied invasion through the Balkans meaning the Red Army
could not seize control of E Europe but was rejected.
AGREEMENTS:
Britain and USA to open a second front in May 1944
USSR wage war on Japan post WWII
United Nations to be set up
An area of E Poland added to the USSR along the Oder and Neisse rivers.
Yalta, February 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
DISAGREEMENTS:
Stalin wanted Germans to pay huge reparations, but Roosevelt and Churchill did not want
a repeat of the Treaty of Versailles.
Stalin wanted more of E Poland and influence over the Polish government to have them
as a friendly country to prevent future attacks on the Soviet Union.
AGREEMENTS:
USSR to wage war on Japan post WWII
Divide Germany and Berlin into 4 zones
Key Topic 1 - Origins of the Cold War 1941-58 2
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