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NEWBORN AND MOTHER FINAL EXAM KEY CONCEPTS. 2024/2025 UPDATED TERMS AND MEANINGS
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NEWBORN AND MOTHER FINAL EXAM KEY CONCEPTS. 2024/2025 UPDATED TERMS AND MEANINGS
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Maternal Newborn Final Exam Key Concepts1. What is a diaphragm? A dome-shaped cup with a flexible rim that fits
snugly over the cervix, acting as a barrier to the passage of sperm
2. How long should a diaphragm remain in place after coitus to prevent
pregnancy? 6 hours
3. What can increase the effectiveness of a diaphragm? Using a
spermicide 4. What risk is associated with leaving a diaphragm in for 24
hours? Toxic shock syndrome
5. How often should you replace a diaphragm? Every 2 years
6. When should you refit a diaphragm? 15-201b weight fluctuation,
abdominal surgery, after pregnancy
7. What clients are not recommended for diaphragms? Clients with a
history of toxic shock, Cystocele, UT Is, uterine prolapse
8. What are Combined Oral Contraceptives? Hormonal contraception
containing estrogen and progestin that, when taken routinely, suppresses
ovulation, thickens cervical mucus to block semen, and prevents implantation
9. What are potential complications of oral contraceptive use? Chest pain,
shortness of breath, leg pain, headache, vision changes, and hypertension
10. What clients are contraindicated from oral contraceptive use? Clients
with any thromboembolic disorders, smoking, or hypertension
1 1. How is ovulation tracked for fertility? By monitoring the menstrual cycle
and observing changes in cervical mucus
12. When does ovulation occur? 14 days before the onset of the next
menstrual cycle
13. What are the characteristics of cervical mucus during ovulation? Thin,
slippery, and stretchable between the fingers
14. What are the main functions of the placenta? Facilitates transport,
provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, filters waste, acts as a barrier to
toxins
15. What circulatory structures comprise the placenta? 2 arteries + 1 vein
16. What hormones are secreted by the placenta? hCG, progesterone,
estrogen, human placental lactogen, oxytocin, and prostaglandin
17. How does the placenta develop during pregnancy? It grows from a few
identifiable cells at the beginning of pregnancy to cover about half the internal
uterus surface at term
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, Maternal Newborn Final Exam Key Concepts
18. What is Nagele's Rule used for? Estimating the delivery date based on
the first day of the last menstrual cycle
19. How do you calculate the estimated date of confinement (EDD) using
Nagele's Rule? Subtract 3 months and add 7 days (and a year if necessary) to
the first day of the last menstrual cycle
20. What is amniocentesis? A procedure involving the aspiration of
amniotic fluid from the pregnant uterus for examination
21. Why is the Lecithin/sphingomyelin (LIS) ratio important in
amniocentesis? -
: To assess fetal lung maturity
22. What precaution should be taken before amniocentesis? Empty the
bladder before the procedure 23. What should be done if the mother is Rh
negative during amniocentesis? Administer Rhogam
24. What is a Nonstress Test? A noninvasive tool that measures fetal heart
rate response to movement
25. What does a reactive Nonstress Test indicate? The fetal heart rate
accelerates at least 15 beats above baseline for at least 15 seconds, occurring
two or more times in 20 minutes, indicating fetal well-being
26. What should you do if the baby has not moved during the Nonstress
Test? Offer mom a drink or a snack
27. What are the initial presumptive signs of pregnancy? Amenorrhea and
breast tenderness
28. What are the probable signs of pregnancy related to cervical changes?
Hegar's sign, Chadwick's sign, and Goodell's sign
29. What is Hegar's sign? Softening and compressibility of the lower uterus
30. What is Chadwick's sign? Deepened violet-bluish color of the cervix and
vaginal mucosa
31. What is Goodell's sign? Softening of the cervical tip
32. When does fetal movement begin to occur? 16-20 weeks
33. When does lightening typically occur? 36+ weeks 34. How does cardiac
output change during pregnancy? It increases by 25 to
35. How does blood volume change during pregnancy? It increases by 25 to
36. What can impair blood return from lower extremities lead to during
pregnancy? Edema
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