Wrightman's Psychology and the Legal
System Eighth Edition Chapter 1 Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Laws are ______________ that evolve out of the needs for order and consistency. -
answer✔✔Human creations
Laws resolve the conflicts between one person's ____________ and other people's ___________
- answer✔✔Impulses, rights
Laws must be _______________ and _________________ to keep up with the rapid changes in
our lives. - answer✔✔Developed, modified
A ____________________ approach to law emphasizes its human determinants with a focus on
individuals as its unit of analysis. - answer✔✔Psychological
___________________ are seen as responsible for their own conduct and as contributing to its
causation. - answer✔✔Individuals
______________ assumes that characteristics of participants in the legal system affect how the
legal system operates, and it also recognizes that the law, in turn, can affect individuals'
characteristics and behavior. - answer✔✔Psychology
The social psychologist, _______________, proposed the equation B = f (p, e) to reflect the idea
that behavior is a function of the person and the environment. - answer✔✔Kurt Lewin
Behavior of persons in the legal system also can be viewed as a function of both the ______ and
the _______________ - answer✔✔Person, environment
_______________________ generate and communicate information to answer specific legal
questions or to help resolve legal disputes. - answer✔✔Forensic psychologists
Most forensic psychologists are trained as _____________________, whose specialty involves
the psychological evaluation and treatment of others. - answer✔✔Clinical psychologists
There are _ basic choices that pervade the law in the U.S. and in many other countries.
-Each choice creates a dilemma and has psychological implications. - answer✔✔4
_____________________: rights of individuals versuses the common good
Example: The tension between the rights of the individual to smoke versus the protection of
society. - answer✔✔The First Choice
-Consider U.S. Supreme Court decisions since the 1960s with respect to the rights of criminal
suspects and defendants versus the rights of crime victims and the power of the police
-In the 1960s, the Supreme Court established a number of principles that provided or expanded
explicit rights for those suspected of breaking the law (e.g., the ________________ rule
guaranteeing the right to remain silent). - answer✔✔Miranda
Many of these rights (of criminal suspects and defendants) were trimmed later when courts ruled
in favor of the _____ (e.g., the Supreme Court ruled that the police can stop a motorist whom
they believe has violated traffic laws even if their ulterior motive is to investigate the possibility
of illegal drug dealing). - answer✔✔Police
The conflict between the rights of individuals and the rights of society is related to a distinction
between the _____________________ and the ___________________________ within the
criminal justice system - answer✔✔Due process model, crime control model
Favored in the 1960s
-Places primary value on the protection of citizens, including criminal suspects, from possible
abuses by the police and the law enforcement system generally - answer✔✔Due Process Model
The __________________________ assumes the innocence of suspects and requires that they be
treated fairly by the criminal justice system.
-Thus the _____________________________ emphasizes the rights of individuals. -
answer✔✔The Due Process Model
Favored in the 1990s
-Seeks the apprehension and punishment of lawbreakers
-The goal is to ensure that criminal activity is being contained or reduced - answer✔✔Crime
Control Model
The Second Choice: Equality vs. Discretion
-The _________________________ means that all people who commit the same crime should
receive the same - answer✔✔Principle of equality
The Second Choice: Equality vs. Discretion
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