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EMT: Comprehensive Exam Study Guide – 329 Q’s & A’s
EMT: Comprehensive Exam Study Guide – 329 Q’s & A’s
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EMT: Comprehensive Exam StudyGuide – 329 Q’s & A’s
Contrast EMT Certificate and Licensure - -- Certificate = an exam ensuring
all health care providers have the same basic level of knowledge and skill.
- Licensure = the process by which states ensure applicant competency in an
examination setting.
-Define Scope of Practice - -- Outlines the care and EMT is legally able to
provide to the patient.
- Set by the State normally.
-What are the Roles of the Medical Director - -- A physician who authorizes
the EMTs in the service to provide medical care in the field.
-What is the Purpose of Continuous Quality Improvement - -- To identify
areas of improvement and remove human error.
- May add training or develop some other educational activity to better the
EMS.
-What should you do following a needle exposure and what are ways to
prevent the spread of infectious disease: - -Clean the location, complete an
exposure report, and let your supervisor or infection control officer know.
- PPE and cleaning!
-Define Cumulative Stress and how does your body respond? - -Occurs
when exposed to prolonged or excessive stress.
- Can cause fatigue, irritability, isolation, inability to concentrate, etc...
-Define PTSD - -Re-experiencing an event and over responding to stimuli
that are similar to the previous event.
-Contrast Implied Consent and Expressed Consent - -- Implied = if patient is
unable to make a rational decision, it is assumed.
- Expressed = if patient is able to make a rational decision they must give
consent.
-What is the Standard of Care and how is it established? - -- Accepted levels
of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession.
- By local customs, protocols, literature, and administrative regulations.
-What should you do if you make a mistake while providing patient care? -
-- Document it!!
, -Contrast a Mobile Base Station with a Hand-held Portable Radio - -- Base
Station = transmitter and receiver in a fixed location.
- Portable Radio = carried with EMT/Paramedic
-Planes of the Body [3] - -1.) Frontal/Coronal = front/back
2.) Transverse/Axial = top/bottom
3.) Saggital = left/right
-Types of Muscle [3 and Differences] - -1.) Skeletal = voluntary, striated
2.) Cardiac = involuntary, striated
3.) Smooth = involuntary, not striated
-Describe the purpose of the Epiglottis - -- Keep stomach contents/food from
going into the trachea.
-Contrast Respiration vs. Ventilation - -- Ventilation = moving air into and
out of lungs.
- Respiration = transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli/tissues.
-Structures of the Upper Respiratory System [7] - -1.) Nose
2.) Mouth
3.) Tongue
4.) Mandible
5.) Pharynx
6.) Larynx
7.) Epiglottis
-Structures of the Lower Respiratory System [6] - -1.) Trachea
2.) Thyroid Cartilage [Adam's Apple]
3.) Cricoid Cartilage = maintains airway structure [bend head = airway
doesn't pinch]
4.) Bronchi [Right (more open) and Left]
- Divides at Carina
5.) Bronchioles
6.) Alveoli
-Blood Flow through the Heart [Oxygenated vs. Deoxygenated] - -
Deoxygenated:
- Vena Cava = RA = Tricuspid Valve = RV = Pulmonary Valve = Pulmonary
Arteries = Lungs
Oxygenated:
- Lungs = Pulmonary Veins = LA = Mitral Valve = LV = Aortic Valve = Aorta
-SV [and Normal Value] - -~60-80 mL
-HR [and Normal Value] - -~60-100 bpm
, -CO [and Calculation/Normal Value] - -- CO = SV x HR
- Normal = ~5-6 L/min
-Pacemaker of the Heart - -- Sinoatrial Node.
-Common Central Pulses [5] - -1.) Carotid
2.) Femoral
-Function of the Spleen - -- Filters blood and has immune system functions.
-Function of Plasma - -- Liquid portion of blood that carries blood cells and
nutrients.
-Function of Cerebrum [and 5 Parts] - -- Higher thinking and functioning.
-Function of Cerebellum - -- Muscle coordination
- Output of somatic motor sensors.
-Function of Brainstem [and 3 Parts] - -- Autonomic Centers!
1.) Midbrain
2.) Pons
3.) Medulla Oblongata
-Function of Medulla Oblongata - -1.) Autonomic centers for regulation of
visceral functions.
- e.g. cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive.
2.) Relays sensory info to the thalamus.
-Function of the Reticular Activating System - -In Midbrain of Brain Stem:
- Regulates consciousness.
- Activated = awake and conscious.
-Function of the Organs of the Digestive System - -- Digestion, Absorption,
Secretion, etc...
-Contrast Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Metabolism - -- Aerobic = with oxygen and
makes more ATP.
=> Form Carbon Dioxide and Water as waste
- Anaerobic = without oxygen, makes much less ATP.
=> Form Lactic Acid as waste
-Normal Vital Signs: Infant - -1.) Pulse = 100-160 bpm
2.) Respiratory Rate = 25-50 breaths/min
3.) Systolic BP = 70-95 mmHg
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