Clinical Chemistry Final Exam with correct answers 2024
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Module
Clinical Chemistry Fi
Institution
Clinical Chemistry Fi
What kind of chemicals do labs buy? correct answers Pre-prepared chemicals with varying purity
Which chemicals are the best for labs correct answers AR (Analytic Reagent Grade) and ultrapure are best for the lab
Which pure chemicals are used for chromatography assays correct answers Ultrap...
What kind of chemicals do labs buy? correct answers Pre-prepared chemicals with
varying purity
Which chemicals are the best for labs correct answers AR (Analytic Reagent Grade)
and ultrapure are best for the lab
Which pure chemicals are used for chromatography assays correct answers Ultrapure
is used in chromatography assays
What do the chemical labels show correct answers Labels show grade and percentage
of impurities
What are reference materials correct answers Materials that are used to calibrate
instruments or find out the standard
"calibration mode"
What are reference materials derived from? Who certifies them? correct answers they
are derived from biohazard samples
NIST certified
What is the most used reagent correct answers water
How many times does lab water need to be purified correct answers Lab used water
needs to purified at least 2x
What are some parameters that lab water need to fit correct answers microbiologic
count, pH, resistivity, silicate, particulate matter, organics
What are some methods of purification correct answers Reverse osmosis, filtration,
distillation, deionization, UV light
What is the 1-3 water designation? Which designation does the lab use? correct
answers Water has a 1-3 designation where 1 is the most pure and 3 is the least LAB
USES I
solute correct answers a substance dissolved in a liquid
Analytes correct answers biologic solutes
Solvent correct answers liquid in which solute is dissolved
,Solution correct answers solute plus solvent
Molality correct answers moles/kg solvent
Molarity correct answers moles/L solvent
Colligative properties correct answers osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, freezing point,
boiling point
Which colligative properties are depressed as concentration of solute is added correct
answers VP and FP
Redox potential correct answers measure of the ability of solution to accept or donate
electrons
Conductivity correct answers measure of how well electricity passes through a solution
pH correct answers inverse log of the hydrogen ion concentration
Buffers correct answers weak acids or bases and their related salts that minimize
changes in hydrogen ion concentration
What is the formula for converting F to C correct answers (5/9-32 from F)
What are some basic celcius temperatures to know correct answers 37 degrees body
temperature
25 degrees room temperature
4 degrees fridge temperature
What liquids are used in thermometers correct answers Uses red alcohol (previous
mercury)
True or false Thermometers do not have to be calibrated correct answers False,
Thermometers must be calibrated, It controls QC and temperatures for certain reactions
What are some lab vessels correct answers flasks, beakers, graduated cylinders
What are pipettes correct answers glass or plastic utensils used to transfer liquids
What are burets correct answers wide, long, graduated pipettes with a stopcock at one
end
What are syringes correct answers sometimes used for transfer of small volumes in
blood gas analysis or separation techniques
What are the different types of pipettes correct answers Serologic
,Mohr
Volumetric
Transfer (Pasteur) pipette Usually plastic or glass
Micropipette
Automatic or multichannel
How would you read a pipette correct answers AT THE BOTTOM OF THE MENISCUS
Describe the serologic pipette correct answers Graduated to the tip
Blow out pipette
Called this because people used to blow out stuff from it
Has 2 etched rings
Describe the Mohr Pipette correct answers Not graduated to the tip
Self draining
How would you dispense the mohr and serologic pipette correct answers Keeping
vertical and not touching container
Describe the Volumetric Pipette correct answers Used with viscous fluids
Ex synovial joint fluid/effusions
Blow out (TC) and has 2 etched rings
How would you dispense the Volumetric Pipette correct answers Tipping the container
Holding pipette vertically
Tip of pipette touching receptacle
DO NOT REUSE A PIPETTE/TIP
What is centrifugation correct answers Centrifugation force is used to separate solids
from liquid matter
What are the different components of a centrifuge correct answers Consists of
head/rotor, Carriers/shields attached to the verticle shaft of motor, caps/lids, metal
enclosure
What does the force of a centrifuge depend on correct answers Force depends on
mass, speed and radius
What are the speeds and times that are used in a centrifuge correct answers Uses 300-
3400 rpm/RCF or 500-2000 x g for 10-15 min
What are some common applications of a centrifuge correct answers Separating
serum/plasma from Blood Cells
Separating supernatant from a precipitate in an analytic reaction
Separating 2 immiscible liquids
Expelling air
, What are some lab calculations that may be used correct answers Significant Figures
(keeping all until the end)
Unit conversions Molality/Molarity
Simple/Serial Dilutions
What is beers law correct answers Used to establish a relationship between
concentration and absorbance in photometric determinations
What are the components of beers law correct answers A=abc via graph
A = absorbance
"a" = absorptivity constant for the analyte at standard wavelength, temp, & pH
"b" = length of light path in the spec
"c" = concentration of the analyte
What is the purpose of using beers law correct answers Allows determination of
concentration when absorbance is known
Basis for photometric assays
What are some sample types that are used in clinical chemistry correct answers Whole
blood
Plasma
Serum
Arterial Blood
Urine
CSF/Paracentesis Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
Semen, saliva, sweat, hair, nails, feces...
What are the steps for sample processing correct answers Correct processing of
collection tube/ patient ID label
Centrifugation
Noting presence of any serum/plasma characteristics (hemolysis/icterus) or turbidity
(shows lipemia)
Analysis within 4 hours
Proper protection
Refrigeration at 4 C for 8 Hours or freezing at -20C for longer periods, if later testing is
required
What are some preanalytical variables of sample processing correct answers
Physiologic considerations
Proper patient preparation
Problems in storage, collection, transporting, or processing
What is " Chain of custody" correct answers Lab tests related to crime are
forensic/legal cases
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