MICR221 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
what transport system traps substrate through the movement of phosphate through a cascade complex - Answer-phosphotransferase
what transport family uses ATP to move substrate in and out of the cell - Answer-ATP binding casette family
why can...
what transport system traps substrate through the movement of phosphate through a
cascade complex - Answer-phosphotransferase
what transport family uses ATP to move substrate in and out of the cell - Answer-ATP
binding casette family
why can bacteria that passively diffuse out compete bacteria that actively diffuse in
certain environements - Answer-while active bacteria have to split ATP into growing and
consuming nutrients, bacteria that diffuse can just put all there ATP toward growing
which machinery is nessacery in every cell: cell wall, collagen, a concentration gradient
- Answer-a PMF/concentration gradient
why is the ATP synthase molecule sisnsitive to oligomyocin - Answer-because it blocks
the proton channels, preventing ATP to be made
what subunit of ATP synthase rotates - Answer-the central stalk
which direction does the central subunit go to pump protons to create a concentration
gradient - Answer-left, to the right generates ATP
how many ATP is synthesised from 1 , 360 rotation of ATP synthatse - Answer-3
what does a division of a cocci cell in 1 direction form - Answer-chains, in multiple
directions is clusters
do rods or cocci have more surface area - Answer-rods
define exogenous - Answer-needs an outside resource as the terminal electron in the
respiration process
(anaerobes)
list the names of bacteria at each temperature going from coldest to hottest - Answer-
psychophiles, phycotolerant, mesophile, thermophile, hyperthermophile
what cellular component determines what temperature bacteria can survive in - Answer-
heat stability of the proteins
, what is the prefix for an organism that uses chemicals as an energy source, uses an
inorganic electron source and an inorganic carbon source - Answer-photolithoautophiles
define complex vs defined media - Answer-complex media is easy to prepare and will
grow most microbes while defined media has specific ingredients & components
what is enriched media - Answer-enriched is generally encouraging media (uses yeast)
to provide precursor metabolites
what is enrichment media - Answer-specifically encouraging of 1 microbe on the plate
(used to give salmonella in a faecal sample full of gut microbes)
what media type is blood agar - Answer-differential and enriched; some microbes react
with blood to change pH + blood has nutrients lots of bacteria can benefit from
what is the difference between alpha and beta haemolysis - Answer-alpha is partial lysis
of the RBC while beta is total lysis
what media type hektoan agar - Answer-differential (production of H2S causes black
colonies) and selective (inhibuts G+ and non-enteric G-)
when do primary vs secondary metabolites grow - Answer-primary = exponential phase
secondary = stationary phase (held here for metabolite harvesting in a chemostat)
what is a disadvantage of viable microbe growth - Answer-viable microbial growth is
when you culture and count the colonies which takes a long time
What are the 2 methods of direct microbial growth - Answer-using a microscope to
count all cells
measuring the optical density of a sample
what are the advantages of direct microbial growth - Answer-can get estimated results
quickly
What are the disadvantages of direct micr growth - Answer-can't tell difference between
dead and alive cells so the final count can only be an estimate
what is the permeability of the coat and cortex of an endospore - Answer-Cortex is
permeable and coat is impermeable
what physical characteristics determine the resistance of an endospore - Answer-coat
and inner membrane
what are the chemical characteristics of endospore resistance - Answer-low water
content (15%), lower pH, lattice structure to hold DNA stable (lattice also helps with heat
stability)
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