ABA 503 exam 2 study guide
pairing a neutral stimulus with a US whish elicits an UR and eventually the stimulus alone will
elicit a CR (happens before the behavior ex: classical music+ food =salvation) -
ANS-respondent conditioning
change in future frequency of a behavior in a given situation due to the consequence produced
by behavior(vast majority of our behavior ex: light goes on, lever pressed---no light, lever is not
pressed - ANS-operant conditioning
CS is presented a few seconds before the US occurs - ANS-delayed
CS and US are presented at the same time (overlap and presented at same time) -
ANS-simultaneous
CS is presented and removed than after sometime the US is presented (no overlap) - ANS-trace
US is presented before the CS - ANS-backward
occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to one stimulus but not to other similar
stimuli - ANS-discrimination
occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to values of a conditioned stimulus
that have not been trained (ex: labeling all furry animals with four legs as dogs) -
ANS-generalization
occurs when an operant that has been reinforced in the presence of a specific SD is also
emitted in the presence of other stimuli - ANS-stimulus generalization
both refer to differences in the precision of stimulus control - ANS-discrimination generalization
conditioned stimulus acquires a limited amount of associative strength on 1 trial (behavioral
theory of conditioning) - ANS-rescorla wagner theory
during respondent conditioning the relationship between the CS and the magnitude of CR(how
much strength/impact did it have on behavior. Ex: tap and puff) - ANS-associative strength
the CS in the compound has already picked up all of the associative value(when a new CS is
added to previously trained CS blocking occurs) - ANS-blocking
, stimulus with a higher salience acquires a higher proportion of the associative strength -
ANS-overshadowing
a stimulus follows a behavior that causes the rate of that behavior to increase(Ex :child shares
toy, receives praise. continues to share toys - ANS-positive reinforcement
removal of an event or stimulus that increases the rate of response (ex: sun is giving a glare,
put sunglasses on. REMOVAL of glare) - ANS-negative reinforcement
an operant produces an event and the rate of operant behavior decreases (ex: child runs onto
busy road ,gets spanked (receiving something) and now child stops or turns before crossing the
road - ANS-positive punishment
the removal of an event or stimulus that decreases operant behavior(ex: child is in trouble, take
there phone away) - ANS-negative punishment
as intensity of US increases the latency gets shorter (amount of time between when a stimulus
is presented and when a response occurs gets shorter) - ANS-law of latency
at very weak intensities a stimulus will not elicit a response but as intensity of eliciting stimulus
increases there is a point at which the response is elicited - ANS-law of threshold
as the intensity of the US increases the magnitude of the UR increases - ANS-law of intensity
magnitude
the method of successive approximation or shaping may be used to establish a response.
Reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of final performance (EX:lever press,siff
lever,paw on lever,biting lever. All reinforcement given until rat began pressing the lever) -
ANS-shaping
thorndikes law of effect(puzzle box) responses with satisfying effects were stamped in where
those with annoying effects were stamped out) measured latency - ANS-trial and error learning
single subject design characterized by alternation between test/control conditions (Bernard's
experiment)show that the specific features of the environment control the behavior of a single
organism - ANS-reversal design (ABAB reversal design)
studies rabbits urine sample based on what they ate (demonstrates
cause and effect relationship when change in dependent variable co-vary with changes in
independent variable) - ANS-bernards experiment
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