OB Exam 2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions
There are 4 stages of labor, describe the 1st stage - Answer️️ -*dilation
and effacement of the cervix*
1. Latent phase: 0-4 cm dilation
-Longest phase of labor
-Contractions feel like period cramps and are mild to palpation
2. Active phase: 5...
There are 4 stages of labor, describe the 1st stage - Answer✔️✔️-*dilation
and effacement of the cervix*
1. Latent phase: 0-4 cm dilation
-Longest phase of labor
-Contractions feel like period cramps and are mild to palpation
2. Active phase: 5-7 cm dilation
-Women become more focused anxious or restless
-Contractions become more regular and painful
3. Transition phase: 8-10cm dilation
-Contractions are strong and closer together
-Woman feels out of control, irritable or dependent
-Shortest lasting phase of labor
There are 4 stages of labor, describe the 2nd stage - Answer✔️✔️-*pushing
started with the cervix completely dilated and ends with the birth of the
baby*
b. As the fetus descends through the birth canal the fetus head rotates for
optimal delivery:
1. Engagement: fetal head reaches level of the ischial spines
2. Descent: fetus moves past the ischial spines
3. Flexion: fetal chin touches chest in response to pressure from maternal
tissue
4. Extension: fetal chin comes off the chest and the neck arches are the head
is born
5. External rotation: fetal heal rotates as the shoulders move into position
for delivery
6. Expulsion: body of the fetus is born
There are 4 stages of labor, describe the 3rd stage - Answer✔️✔️-*begins
with the birth of the baby and ends with delivery of the placenta*
a. Complete within 5-30 minutes
b. Failure to contract is called uterine atony and is a primary cause of
postpartum hemorrhage
There are 4 stages of labor, describe the 4th stage - Answer✔️✔️-*begins with
the delivery of the placenta and ends after 4 hours or when the mother
becomes clinically stable*
a. During this stage the nurse should assess uterine position, vaginal
bleeding (lochia), and vital signs.
b. Administer pain meds as needed
c. The nurse should assist the patient with skin to skin contact and
initiating breastfeeding
When assessing the fetal heart rate you dont want to see oxygen
deprivation, describe some characteristics of oxyegn deprivation -
Answer✔️✔️--Fetal monitoring is the assessment of the fetal heart rate for
patterns that indicate fetal compromise
-Abnormal patterns are associated with hypoxemia and may lead to
hypoxia
-Intermittent monitoring generally includes auscultation of the fhr every
15-30 minutes during the active phase of labor and every 5 to 15 minutes in
the second stage of labor
-Continuous fetal monitoring a nurse evaluates monitoring every 30
minutes during the first stage of a low risk woman and every 15 during the
second stage. High risk woman, the fetal monitor strips are reviewed more
frequently
Characteristics of FHR monitoring include - Answer✔️✔️--A baseline heart
rate is assessed over a 10 minute period and is normally between 110-160
bpm
3
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