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Chapter 2 Biological Beginnings
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Chapter 2 Biological Beginnings
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2Student:
1. As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while
other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called
A. canalization.
B. sociobiology.
C. natural selection.
D. genetic inheritance.
2. Natural selection favors individuals of a species that are best able to and .
A. survive; reproduce
B. find food; hide
C. survive change; adapt
D. change; adapt
3. Evolutionary psychology holds that
A. natural selection does not ring true for personality characteristics.
B. natural selection favors certain behaviors as well as physical characteristics.
C. biological evolution explains why humans live well beyond child-bearing years.
D. only physical development is stage-like in process.
4. Natural selection operates primarily on characteristics that are tied to
A. group social interaction.
B. psychological wellness.
C. reproductive fitness.
D. developmental plasticity.
5. Which of the following statements describes the main idea of David Buss' theory?
A. It is not useful to compare human social behavior with social behavior in other species.
B. Evolutionary processes can influence behavior as well as physical features.
C. Behavior is determined by the environmental consequences it brings about.
D. Development proceeds in a series of stages.
6. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for an extended childhood period in human
development?
A. During this time, a human's immune system reaches its full potential.
B A long childhood period is a "left over" adaptation from the time when the human life span was
. considerably shorter than it is today.
C. Rebellion against authority is a necessary step in the evolutionary development of independent
behavior.
D.During this time, humans develop a large brain and gain experience required to master the complexities
of human society.
7. Which of the following statements is NOT an idea held by evolutionary developmental psychologists?
A. Evolved characteristics are not always adaptive in contemporary society.
B. Some evolved characteristics could be the cause of problems in contemporary society.
C. All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society.
D. An extended childhood period may be the result of evolution.
,8. Baltes holds that natural selection operates
A. primarily during the first half of life.
B. primarily during late adulthood.
C. through the end of the adolescent period.
D. through the end of late childhood.
9. According to Baltes, older adults have an increased
A. generativity.
B. need for culture-based resources.
C. benefits of evolutionary selection.
D. developmental plasticity.
10. A bidirectional view of evolutionism suggests that
A. social behavior is a product of evolved biology.
B. evolved biology is a product of social behavior.
C. environmental and biological conditions influence each other.
D. evolution dictates social behavior.
11. Which of the following is a double-helix-shaped molecule that contains genetic information?
A. chromosome
B. genotype
C. DNA
D. gene
12. Approximately how many genes does a typical human have according to the latest research?
A. more than 100,000
B. 50,000–75,000
C. 35,000–40,000
D. 20,000–30,000
13. What did researchers working on the Human Genome project accomplish?
A. They estimated how many genes humans have.
B. They determined that DNA is collaborative.
C. They found that the number of human proteins is higher than the number of human genes.
D. All of these answers are correct.
14. In his book The Dependent Gene, David Moore reports that
A. genes are collaborative.
B. genes act independently.
C. genes have a one-to-one correspondence with proteins.
D. the expression of genes is not affected by environmental conditions.
15. Which of the following statements BEST explains the nature of genetic expression?
A. A single gene is the source of a single protein's genetic information.
B. Events outside of a cell cannot excite or inhibit genetic expression.
C. Only internal events inside a cell can influence genetic expression.
D. The activity of genes is affected by the internal and external factors.
16. Which of the following has 23 unpaired chromosomes?
A. zygotes
B. the sperm and egg
C. mitosis
D. chromosome
17. In a human body, all cells except the sperm and egg reproduce by a process called
A. meiosis.
B. mitosis.
C. fertilization.
D. zygote.
,18. is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm.
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Reproduction
D. Fertilization
19. How many chromosomes does an egg or a sperm have?
A. 46
B. 24
C. 23
D. 48
20. Fertilization results in the formation of a(n)
A. egg.
B. zygote.
C. gamete.
D. sperm.
21. In , the number of cells doubles, whereas in , the number of chromosomes in each resulting
cell is halved.
A. meiosis; mitosis
B. mitosis; meiosis
C. genotype; phenotype
D. phenotype; genotype
22. All of a person's genetic material makes up the , whereas the consists of only observable
characteristics.
A. phenotype; genotype
B. genotype; phenotype
C. dominant genes; recessive genes
D. recessive genes; dominant genes
23. Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friend's
A. genotype.
B. phenotype.
C. dominant genes.
D. recessive genes.
24. You notice that Lou's eyes are a unique shade of green. You have observed his:
A. genotype.
B. phenotype.
C. dominant genes.
D. recessive genes.
25. Which of the following principles is demonstrated when one gene overrides the effect of a second gene?
A. polygenic inheritance
B. sex-linked genes
C. dominant-recessive genes
D. genetic imprinting
26. Kevin has blond hair, but both of his parents have brown hair. What might account for Kevin’s differing
phenotype from both of his parents?
A. polygenic inheritance
B. genetic imprinting
C. sex-linked genes
D. dominant-recessive genes
, 27. X-linked inheritance describes the inheritance of a(n)
A. unaltered gene that is carried on the Y chromosome.
B. altered gene that is carried on the Y chromosome.
C. unaltered gene that is carried on the X chromosome.
D. altered gene that is carried on the X chromosome.
28. Melinda and Joseph both have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. This shows that
A. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes.
B. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes.
C. both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes.
D. either Melinda or Joseph is carrying a dominant gene for blue eyes.
29. Research found that many genes interact to influence a psychological characteristic. This is the concept of
A. dominant-recessive inheritance.
B. sex-linked inheritance.
C. genetic imprinting.
D. polygenic inheritance.
30. People who have hemophilia or fragile-X syndrome are
A. equally distributed among females and males.
B. mostly females.
C. mostly males.
D. those who have mutated genes carried on the Y chromosome.
31. is a genetic disorder that occurs less often to children with mothers who are 16 to 34 years old.
A. Down syndrome
B. Turner syndrome
C. Sickle-cell anemia
D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
32. Both are genetic disorders caused by the presence of an extra chromosome.
A. Down syndrome and Turner syndrome
B. Turner syndrome and sickle-cell anemia
C. Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndrome
D. Phenylketonuria (PKU) and XYY syndrome
33. syndrome causes males to have undeveloped testes, enlarged breasts, and tallness. Boys with this
chromosomal disorder often have language, academic, attentional, and motor impairments.
A. Down
B. Klinefelter
C. Turner
D. Fragile X
34. Which of the following characteristics is likely to be exhibited in boys with fragile X syndrome?
A. a flattened skull
B. aggression and violence
C. hyperactivity
D. mental deficiency
35. Conditions, such as phenylketonuria or sickle cell anemia, are produced by abnormalities.
A. chromosome
B. sex-linked chromosome
C. both sex-linked chromosome and gene-linked
D. gene-linked
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