Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 13 Moral Development, Values, and Religion
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Chapter 13 Moral Development, Values, and Religion
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13Student:
1. Changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong are termed:
A. moral development.
B. conscience development.
C. religious devotion.
D. spiritual awakening.
2. Which dimension of moral development regulates social interactions and arbitrates conflict?
A. intrapersonal
B. interpersonal
C. community
D. cultural
3. When children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world that are out of the
control of people, they are displaying:
A. relativistic justice.
B. autonomous morality.
C. heteronomous morality.
D. homonomous morality.
4. Mack's brother suggests they change the rules of the game they are playing. Mack protests and insists that
rule changing is not allowed. Mack is:
A. meting out immanent justice.
B. an autonomous thinker.
C. a heteronomous thinker.
D. a type A personality.
5. During what age period do children transition between Piaget's heteronomous and autonomous morality?
A. 4 to 7 years
B. 7 to 10 years
C. 10 to 14 years
D. 14 to 17 years
6. When children become aware that rules and laws are created by people, and can judge action, by
considering the actor's intentions as well as the consequences, they are displaying:
A. immanent justice.
B. homonomous morality.
C. heteronomous morality.
D. autonomous morality.
7. Carter spills his orange juice while playing at the table. He refutes his punishment by insisting that the
incident was an accident. Carter is displaying:
A. autonomous morality.
B. heteronomous morality.
C. immanent justice.
D. punishment of intent.
,8. Jessica knocks over a vase containing flowers but blames her infant sister for the mess. Jessica
believes:
A. that punishment is dependent on the amount of damage.
B. in autonomous morality.
C. that punishment is dependent on the intent of the perpetrator.
D. in immanent justice.
9. Young children believe that when a rule is broken, punishment will follow inevitably. This is a belief
in:
A. immanent justice.
B. moral justice.
C. concrete imperatives.
D. authoritative control.
10. Ellie's mom bumps into her, and Ellie's juice is spilled as a result. Ellie is surprised when she receives no
punishment. Ellie believes in:
A. immanent justice.
B. intent dependent justice.
C. social understanding.
D. autonomous reasoning.
11. Trenton suggests a rule change to a game he and his friends are playing. His friends agree, and they play
with the new rules. According to Piaget, Trenton and his friends are able to engage in:
A. heteronomous reasoning.
B. autonomous reasoning.
C. relativistic morality.
D. immanent justice.
12. According to Piaget, parent-child relations are less likely to foster moral development than peer relations,
because:
A. parents are inconsistent in delivering consequences for broken rules.
B. peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules.
C. parents hand down rules and punishment in an authoritarian way.
D. peers settle disagreements by instituting clear and immediate social sanctions.
13. Abby slows down when she sees a police car on the road, because she doesn't want to get a speeding
ticket. What stage of Kohlberg's morality does this demonstrate?
A. postconventional
B. conventional
C. heteronomous
D. autonomous
14. Cassidy's mother is angry when she discovers writing on the bedroom door. Cassidy replies, "I'm not
doing it now." Cassidy is a(n):
A. postconventional thinker.
B. deceitful child.
C. heteronomous thinker.
D. autonomous thinker.
15. What main method did Kohlberg use to evaluate moral reasoning?
A. interviews about personal moral behavior
B. interviews about moral dilemma stories
C. multisetting observation
D. standardized testing
,16. Taetem is interviewed while participating in a protest. Taetem states that she has the right to express her
opinion, as does anyone else, and that this protest increases her personal power. Which moral level does
Taetem's statement reflect?
A. postconventional
B. conventional
C. unconventional
D. preconventional
17. Many people involved in the civil rights protests of the 1960s were stage 4 moral thinkers. Which of the
following statements MOST likely represents their reasoning?
A. "The government is interfering with my right to happiness."
B. "Somebody has to point out that what the government is doing is illegal."
C. "It is time to show that some laws just aren't good for society."
D. "The harm of these government policies can't be justified by any law."
18. At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does a person understand that values and laws are relative, and that
standards may vary person to person?
A. heteronomous morality
B. mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
C. social systems morality
D. social contract or utility and individual rights
19. A person arrested for robbery states, "I stole the documents, and I am willing to pay my dues, but at
least now the public is safer having this important safety information that the company was concealing."
Which moral level does this statement reflect?
A. conventional
B. unconventional
C. preconventional
D. postconventional
20. Brent espouses the Libertarian political platform, which holds that laws should only exist to preserve and
protect fundamental human rights. This demonstrates which of Kohlberg's moral stages?
A. heteronomous morality
B. mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
C. social contract or utility and individual rights
D. universal ethical principles
21. Allan is visiting a country where it is illegal to give money to panhandlers, but he feels such pangs of
conscience that he ignores the law and gives freely to the impoverished children begging for food. Which
moral stage does this demonstrate?
A. individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
B. mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
C. social systems morality
D. universal ethical principles
22. When presented with Kohlberg's well-known Heinz dilemma, McKenzie's response is, "It is against the
law to steal. The husband should find another way to get the drug." McKenzie is in which stage of moral
development?
A. mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
B. individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
C. social systems morality
D. universal ethical principles
23. "What goes around comes around." This adage characterizes Kohlberg's:
A. social contract or utility and individual rights.
B. social systems morality.
C. universal ethical principles.
D. individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange.
, 24. Hector became a police officer because he believes that members of society prosper from understanding
social order, law, justice, and duty. On what moral level does he reason?
A. preconventional
B. conventional
C. postconventional
D. heteronomous
25. At school, Drew behaves in morally acceptable ways primarily to win the approval of his teachers. Which
stage of conventional reasoning does this demonstrate?
A. mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
B. heteronomous morality
C. individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
D. universal ethical principles
26. Piaget and Kohlberg agree that:
A. peer relations challenge children to advance their moral reasoning.
B. biological processes must mature for morality to develop.
C. children learn morality through consequences of behavior.
D. morality is a critical period that must be reached by childhood.
27. Moral "lessons" slightly beyond children's cognitive levels will motivate them to restructure their moral
thought and promote advanced moral reasoning. This statement is closely tied to the concept(s) of:
A. social observational learning
B. dishabituation and habituation
C. disequilibrium and equilibrium
D. rewards and punishments in behaviorism
28. Narvaez and Hill (2010) report that a higher level of was linked to open mindedness, a growth
mindset, and higher moral judgment.
A. autonomous reasoning
B. heteronomous reasoning
C. multicultural experience
D. universal reasoning
29. Which of the following did Kohlberg believe is MOST influential in an individual's moral development?
A. direct instruction
B. parent-child relationships
C. peer interactions
D. socioeconomic status
30. Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
A. Too much emphasis on the influence of environment in moral development.
B. Too much emphasis on the biological underpinnings of moral development.
C. Action, not thought, is demonstrative of moral level.
D. Thought, not action, is demonstrative of moral level.
31. Which of the following is an example of reasoning level and action mismatch criticism in Kohlberg's
theory?
A. Adults admonish children to not do things that they themselves do, like smoking.
B. Many terrorists believe that their behavior is justified.
C. Some individuals are able to view themselves as a part of the universe rather than only of humanity.
D. In the Heinz dilemma, many individuals choose to let the spouse die rather than steal the needed
medicine.
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