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Student name:__________
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1) Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research
study?
A) "Measurement of reaction times to different coloured lights"
B) "The influence of a food reward on maze running behaviour in kittens"
C) "Cognitive factors influencing logical reasoning"
D) "Increasing recycling of fast-food containers: A test at an amusement park"
2) Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an example of basic
research?
A) "Teaching youths with autism to offer assistance"
B) "Encouraging recycling: An evaluation of a media campaign"
C) "Effect of situational factors on assessment of blame: A test of attribution theory"
D) "Effect of size and lettering style of signs on wayfinding accuracy in a hospital"
3) Which one of the following journal article titles most likely represents an example of a basic
research study?
A) "The effect of self-awareness on a cognitive reasoning task"
B) "Buying behaviour: The influence of item shelf placement in retail grocery stores"
C) "Increasing knowledge of dangers in the home: An online survey"
D) "A peer tutoring program as a method to increase cultural sensitivity"
4) Which statement best illustrates the scientific goal of describing behaviour?
A) A loud noise will gain a person's attention more than a soft noise will because the
loud noise startles the person.
B) Puppies who drink milk will grow more than puppies who drink water because milk
contains a great amount of nutrients.
C) Alcohol consumption increases the likelihood of an automobile accident because it
affects a driver's reaction time to stimuli on the road.
D) Jurors judge attractive defendants more leniently than unattractive defendants.
,5) An important component of the scientific approach is peer review. Which of the following is
NOT a reason for employing peer review? It aims to
A) ensure that only the best research is published.
B) ensure that research with major obvious flaws will not be part of scientific literature.
C) allow publication of only those findings with which other researchers agree.
D) ensure that the best ideas are supported by research and allows others to build upon
the research thereby further advancing the field of study.
6) When data fails to provide support for some idea that is advanced, we can say that _______
has occurred.
A) skepticism
B) peer review
C) an error
D) falsifiability
7) A Ph.D. student is interested in determining the fundamental causes of depression in humans.
Her ultimate goal is that her research may one day result in new drugs to treat the disease.
This is an example of _____ research.
A) basic
B) applied
C) basic and applied
D) neither basic nor applied
8) Which one of the following statements is accurate?
A) Basic research is far more important than applied research.
B) Applied research is far more important than basic research.
C) Basic and applied research are both equally important.
D) Basic and applied research are both of less importance than theoretical research.
9) A scientist states that "there is evidence for the existence of ghosts because she herself has
felt their presence." This claim should
A) be accepted because she is also a scientist.
B) be accepted because she has personally felt their presence.
C) cause you to believe in ghosts.
D) result in you being skeptical about her claim.
,10) Which of the following characteristics is true of pseudoscience? The
A) hypotheses are testable.
B) claims rigorously consider conflicting evidence.
C) claims are stated using scientific-sounding terminology and ideas.
D) hypotheses are always falsifiable.
11) The distinction between basic research and applied research is that basic research _____,
while applied research _____.
A) relies more heavily on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology; relies
more heavily on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology
B) relies more heavily on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology; relies
more heavily on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology
C) concentrates on fundamental questions often of a theoretical nature; concentrates on
identifying and resolving practical problems
D) concentrates on identifying and resolving practical problems; concentrates on
fundamental questions often of a theoretical nature
12) Professor White finds that students who read a daily newspaper display more knowledge of
current events than students who do not read a daily newspaper. This identification of a cause
of behaviour is an example of what type of evidence?
A) Cognitive awareness
B) Temporal precedence
C) Covariation of cause and effect
D) Elimination of alternative explanations
13) Understanding research methods can _____.
A) help you become an informed consumer of health care, and related services offered in
your community
B) give you a competitive edge for a career in psychology
C) help you be an informed and engaged citizen and participate in debates regarding
politics
D) help you evaluate programs in your community that you might want to participate in
or even implement
14) When students assume that their textbook must be correct, they are relying on _________ as
a way of knowing.
A) the a priori method
B) experience
C) creativity
D) authority
, 15) The four goals of scientific research are to
A) describe, prescribe, eliminate, and undermine behaviour.
B) describe, prescribe, explain, and undermine behaviour.
C) describe, predict, eliminate, and determine the causes of behaviour.
D) describe, predict, explain, and determine the causes of behaviour.
16) The statement, "Participants in quiet environments score consistently higher on math
achievement tests than participants in noisy environments" is an example of ________
behaviour; while the statement, "The difference between participants in quiet versus noisy
rooms on math achievement scores occurs because there is less distraction in quiet rooms" is
an example of ________ behaviour.
A) explaining; determining the cause of
B) explaining; predicting
C) describing; determining the cause of
D) describing; predicting
17) The statement, "Obese persons eat faster than non-obese persons" is an example of ________
behaviour; and the statement, "The different eating habits of obese and non-obese persons are
caused by physiological factors" is an example of ________ behaviour.
A) explaining; predicting
B) explaining; describing
C) describing; explaining
D) predicting; explaining
18) Which of the following goals of science is most important for changing behaviour?
A) Description
B) Prediction
C) Determination of cause
D) Explanation
19) What term describes a cognitive bias that we rely on when two events occur closely in time,
and we often conclude that one must cause the other?
A) Cognitive correlation
B) Illusory correlation
C) Make-belief correlation
D) Incidental correlation
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