Suppose you observe a young infant jerking her arm to cause a string to move a mobile over the crib. Based on current research, this behaviour indicates the development of which feature of the self?
a. person praise
b. personal comparison
c. personal agency
d. person perception - ANS c....
Suppose you observe a young infant jerking her arm to cause a string to move a mobile over
the crib. Based on current research, this behaviour indicates the development of which feature
of the self?
a. person praise
b. personal comparison
c. personal agency
d. person perception - ANS c. personal agency
Which of the following best characterizes the timing of the development of an infant's sense of
self?
a. It is present from the time of birth.
b. It is well established by the age of 6 months.
c. It is fully formed by the age of 12 months.
d. It develops gradually over the first two years of life. - ANS d. It develops gradually over
the first two years of life.
What do many developmentalists, such as Meltzoff, believe about the sense of self at birth?
a. It is rudimentary.
b. It is advanced relative to motor skills.
c. It is not present at all.
d. It is present as self-recognition. - ANS a. It is rudimentary.
On average, mirror self-recognition typically emerges at the same age regardless of culture.
What does this imply about self-recognition?
a. It develops through experience with mirrors as objects.
b. It develops from learning the affordances of mirrors.
c. It develops due to maturational processes.
d. It develops due to nonegocentric thought. - ANS c. It develops due to maturational
processes.
Anita just looked in the mirror and saw a smudge of dirt on her cheek. If Anita is 8 months of
age, what is her most likely reaction?
a. She will rub at the smudge on her cheek.
b. She will rub at her cheek on the mirror.
c. She will wave at the mirror.
d. She will turn away from the mirror. - ANS b. She will rub at her cheek on the mirror.
,Griffin just looked in the mirror and saw a spot on the nose of his image. If Griffin is 2 years old,
how will he react?
a. He will ignore the image.
b. He will rub at the spot on his nose.
c. He will stare at the image, but ignore the spot
d. He will rub at the spot on the mirror. - ANS b. He will rub at the spot on his nose.
At what point in the development of self-recognition does the present self emerge?
a. before the extended self
b. after the categorical self
c. at the same time as the extended self
d. at the same time as the categorical self - ANS a. before the extended self
Children who show self-recognition are more likely to be raised in cultures that emphasize which
characteristic?
a. physical appearance
b. maternal interdependence
c. individual autonomy
d. emotional suppressions - ANS c. individual autonomy
You are having dinner with your friend. When you arrive his daughter Brianne runs up and tells
you proudly that she is a "big girl." According to most developmentalists, what accounts for
Brianne's self-categorical statement?
a. She has developed an awareness of her categorical self.
b. She has developed an awareness of her extended self.
c. She has developed the ability to attend to the word "big" when others are talking
about their attributes.
d. She has developed the ability to attend to the spatial contrasts of self that differ from those of
others. - ANS a. She has developed an awareness of her categorical self.
Which type of self is most dependent on the development of autobiographical memory?
a. categorical
b. extended
c. personal
d. internal - ANS b. extended
Of the following, which would be the first characteristics to be incorporated into a
toddler's self-concept?
a. pet ownership and language
b. sex and age
c. hair colour and age
d. sex and hair colour - ANS b. sex and age
, Suppose that you are conducting naturalistic research on the content of children's self
descriptions. You have gathered data from a group of children in kindergarten who were asked
to describe themselves in a few short sentences at a school recital. Based upon current
research, which of the following attributes would be mentioned most often?
a. their possessions
b. their emotional state
c. their likes and dislikes
d. their friends' names - ANS a. their possessions
Suppose that you are conducting naturalistic research on the content of children's self
descriptions. You have gathered data from a group of children in kindergarten who were asked
to describe themselves in a few short sentences at a school recital. Based upon current
research, which of the following statements would be typical of your participants?
a. "I'm the biggest girl in my class."
b. "I like fun people."
c. "I have a backpack and a puppy. "
d. "Mark and April and Liam and Nathan are my best friends. " - ANS c. "I have a backpack
and a puppy. "
What terms do preschool children use most often to describe themselves?
a. their membership in social categories such as gender and age group
b. the activities they can perform and physical attributes
c. the psychological traits they view themselves as having
d. comparisons to other children in their play group - ANS b. the activities they can perform
and physical attributes
Eder studied children's self-concepts by asking them to choose between two descriptive
statements. Do her findings support those obtained using the method of self-description?
a. yes, self-description provides a good estimate of self-concept for children of all ages
b. no, self-description overestimates the understanding that younger children have of their own
characteristics
c. no, self-description underestimates the understanding that younger children have of their own
characteristics
d. partially; self-description provides a good estimate of self-concept only in elementary
school-aged children - ANS c. no, self-description underestimates the understanding that
younger children have of their own characteristics
Although Gary recognizes that he is generally relaxed and confident, it bothers him that there
are times when he is nervous and lacking in self-confidence. He wonders why he can't be
confident all the time. Based on this information, how old is Gary?
a. about 7 years
b. 13 to 14 years
c. about 15 years
d. 17 years or older - ANS c. about 15 years
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