Pericardium
o :# a fluid filled sac that covers the heart and helps protect it against infection and
trauma.
fibrous pericardium
o :# The outermost layer of the pericardium
serous pericardium
o :# The innermost layer of the pericardium, it is made up of two layers
parietal layer
o :# first...
o :# a fluid filled sac that covers the heart and helps protect it against infection and
trauma.
fibrous pericardium
o :# The outermost layer of the pericardium
serous pericardium
o :# The innermost layer of the pericardium, it is made up of two layers
parietal layer
o :# first layer of the serous pericardium that lines the inside of the fibrous
pericardium
Visceral layer
o :# the layer that adheres to the outside of the heart.
Visceral layer
o :# is also the epicardiun, the outermost layer of the heart wall
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Pericardial space
o :# between the visceral and parietal layers, contains a clear fluid that is released
by the serous membrane.
10-30ml
o :# pericardial space contains how much fluid
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
o :# The wall of the heart is composed of what three layers?
Epicardium
o :# outer layer of the heart
Myocardium
o :# Thick middle muscle layer of the heart
Endocardium
o :# is a thin layer of endorhelium and underlying connective tissue. It lines the
inner chambers of the heart, valves, chorae tendineae, and papillary muscle.
proximal to the aortic valve cusps
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o :# where are the 2 sinuses of valsalva located
Sinus of valsalva aneurysm versus aortic root dilation
o :# Sinus of valsalva aneurysm is focal dilation of one sinus of Valsalva, not
entire root.
sinus of valsalva aneurysm
o :# is a saccular type of dilation that usually only affects one sinus of valsava
right coronary sinus
o :# the most commonly affected sinus in a sinus of valsalva aneurysm
bicsupid aortic valve, ventricular septal defect, and coarctation of the aorta
o :# commonly associated findings of sinus of valsalva aneurysm
parasternal short axis of the aortic valve
o :# best view to visualize sinus of valsaca aneurysm
endocarditis (n.)
o :# if a patient has a sinus of valsalva aneurysm the patient is at risk for rupture
and/or abscess, which can lead to
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subvalvular pulmonic stenosis
o :# if the aneurysm protrudes into the right ventricle outflow tract it xan create
Marfan syndrome
o :# genetic connective tissue disorder that can cause a ruptured aorta
dilation of the sinuses of valsalva, dilation of the proximal aorta, ascending aorta, and
possible dissection, holosystolic mvp, MR, TVP, TR,AI,
o :# 2d echo findings of Marfan syndrome
Mitral valve prolapse
o :# posterior displacement of any portion of the mitral valve leaflets beyond the
mitral valve annular plane during ventricular systole
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
o :# associated with marfans syndrome
Mitral valve prolapse
o :# presents with a mid-systolic click or click murmur
LAX
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