Chapter 18 Tortora Anatomy and
Physiology Exam Q&A | 100% Solved
Hormone - mediator molecule that is released in one part of the body
but regulates the activity of cells in other parts of the body
functions of hormones - -regulate chemical composition and volume of
interstitial fluid, metaboli...
small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue, and placenta
endocrinology - ✔✔science of the structures and function of the endocrine
glands and the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine
system
down-regulation - ✔✔decrease in number of target-cell receptors due to
presence of excess hormone
Makes target cell less sensitive to a hormone
up-regulation - ✔✔increase in number of target-cell receptors due to
absence of hormone
Makes target cell more sensitive to a hormone
circulating hormone - ✔✔pass from the secretory cells that make them into
interstitial fluid and then into blood
local hormones - ✔✔act locally on neighboring cells or on the same cell
that secreted them w/o entering bloodstream
ex. IL-2 and nitric oxide (NO)
inactivated quickly
, paracrines - ✔✔local hormones that act on neighboring cells
autocrines - ✔✔hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them
two kinds of hormones - ✔✔1. lipid soluble
2. water soluble
lipid soluble hormones - ✔✔1.steroid hormones
2. thyroid hormones
3.NO
Water soluble hormones - ✔✔1. amine hormones
2.peptide and protein hormones
3. eicosanoid hormones
3 functions of transport proteins - ✔✔1.make lipid-soluble hormones
temporarily water soluble (increases blood solubility)
2.slow kidney filtering, slows hormone loss through urine
3.ready reserve of hormones already present in bloodstream
free fraction - ✔✔.1-10% of molecules of lipid-soluble hormone are not
bound to a transport protein
diffuses out of capillaries, binds to receptors, and triggers responses
Action of lipid-soluble hormones - ✔✔bind to receptors within the target
cells
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