USABO-Review Latest Questions With Complete Solutions!!!
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Module
USABO
Institution
USABO
insterstitial fluid - ANS fluid located between cells and among tissues
cuboidal epithelium - ANS cube shaped epithelial cells that function in secretion, and are located in various endocrine glands
simple columnar epithelium - ANS lines intestines, secretes digestive ...
usabo review latest questions with complete soluti
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USABO-Review Latest Questions With
Complete Solutions!!!
insterstitial fluid - ANS fluid located between cells and among tissues
cuboidal epithelium - ANS cube shaped epithelial cells that function in secretion, and are
located in various endocrine glands
simple columnar epithelium - ANS lines intestines, secretes digestive juices and absorbs
nutrients, one cell thick
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium - ANS forms a mucous membrane in portions
of the respiratory tract; contains cilia that move the film of mucous
stratified squamous epithelium - ANS regenerates cells rapidly at the basal lamina, located
in areas of abrasion (anus, vagina, skin, linings of esophagus)
simple squamous epithelium - ANS thin and leaky, located at sites of diffusion (alveoli and
blood vessels)
basal lamina - ANS a mat of extracellular matrix that separates an organ from epithelial
tissue
lumen - ANS cavity, external area around organ
loose connective tissue - ANS connects organs/tissues to epithelium
cartilage - ANS connective tissue that is sturdy, but softer and more flexible than bone
chondroitin sulfate - ANS a rubbery matrix made of a protein-carbohydrate complex located
in cartilage
chondrocytes - ANS cells in cartilage that secrete collagen chondroitin sulfate
fibrous connective tissue - ANS includes tendons and ligaments, made of fibers in parallel
bundles, which maximize non-elastic strength
adipose tissue - ANS tissue that protects, insulates, and cushions the body, holds fat in
adipose cells which contain fat droplets that can grow and shrink
,bone - ANS mineralized connective tissue; contain a matrix of bone with which calcium,
magnesium, and phosphate ions combine to form a mineral
osteoblasts - ANS secretes matrix of collagen in bone
osteons - ANS repeating units inside bone, contain concentric layers of mineralized
collagen wrapped around blood vessels and nerves
fibroblasts - ANS cells of connective tissue that secrete the protein ingredients
macrophages - ANS engulf foreign particles and debris through phagocytosis
collagenous fibers - ANS made of collagen, nonelastic and do not tear easily
reticular fibers - ANS made of collagen, joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues,
continuous with collagenous fibers
elastic fibers - ANS made of elastin, easily stretched but bounce back to original shape
sarcomeres - ANS repeating units in muscles
glial cells or glia - ANS located in nervous tissue; nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons
regulator - ANS manages internal conditions to combat changes caused by external
conditions
conformer - ANS allows internal conditions to conform to external conditions
normal range (of a variable - homeostasis) - ANS range for which action is taken to
maintain homeostasis
acclimatization - ANS when an animal changes certain aspects of its metabolism, behavior,
etc. to temporarily conform to changing external conditions
endothermic (animal) - ANS maintain the temperature inside the body through their internal
metabolism
ectothermic (animal) - ANS gain their heat from external sources, do not perform internal
mechanisms to maintain temperature
poikilotherm - ANS animal whose body temperature varies with its environment
homeotherm - ANS animal whose body temperature does not vary with its environment
,radiation - ANS emission of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves
evaporation - ANS removal of heat along with liquid being turned into gas
convection - ANS transfer of hear by the movement of air or liquid past a surface
conduction - ANS the direct transfer of heat between objects in direct contact
vasodilation - ANS increasing the diameter of blood vessels as to bring it closer to the
surface of the body and warm it
vasoconstriction - ANS decreasing the diameter of blood vessels as to take it farther away
from the surface of the body and cool it
countercurrent exchange - ANS the flow of adjacent fluids in opposing directions that
maximizes transfer rates of heat or solutes
thermogenesis - ANS heat production
non-shivering thermogenesis - ANS heat production without moving
brown fat - ANS tissue specialized for heat production
hypothalamus - ANS part of the brain that acts like a thermostat for the body, controlling
the internal mechanisms that control internal temperature
bio-energetics - ANS the overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal
metabolic rate - ANS the sum of all the energy-requiring biochemical reactions over a given
time interval
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ANS in an endotherm, the minimum metabolic rate at rest
with an empty stomach without any stress
standard metabolic rate (SMR) - ANS in an ectotherm, the minimum metabolic rate when
resting, nonstressed, and fasting
torpor - ANS a physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
hibernation - ANS long term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity
essential nutrients - ANS nutrients that are essential for an organism to ingest because
they cannot produce it themselves
, vitamins - ANS essential nutrients that are organic molecules and perform various
functions
minerals - ANS essential nutrients that are inorganic and perform various functions
undernourishment - ANS not receiving enough food to have sufficient energy
malnourishment - ANS not receiving enough of a certain essential nutrient
epidemiology - ANS the study of human health and disease at the population level
ingestion - ANS consuming food
digestion - ANS breaking down food
suspension feeders - ANS filter and eat food suspended in water
substrate feeders - ANS live on or in their food source
fluid feeders - ANS drink fluid from other organisms (nectar, blood)
bulk feeders - ANS eat lots of food in bulk
absorption - ANS absorbing nutrients from food
elimination - ANS removing waste from food from the body
enzymatic hydrolysis - ANS hydrolysis caused by enzymes
intracellular digestion - ANS digestion that occurs inside a cell by lysosomes
extracellular digestion - ANS digestion that occurs outside of a cell through various
complex processes
gastrovascular cavity - ANS a cavity in many organisms that has one opening and allows
food to be absorbed by cells in the body and digested intracellularly
complete digestive tract (alimentary canal) - ANS a more complex digestive system cavity;
has two openings: mouth and anus
crop - ANS area where food is stored and moistened
gizzard - ANS location of mechanical digestion
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