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Pharmaceutical toxicology Questions with Correct Answers.
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Pharmaceutical toxicology Questions with Correct Answers.
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Pharmaceutical toxicology Questions with CorrectAnswers
Define the following terms:
a) Toxicology
b) Poison
c) Toxin
d) Toxicant
e) Toxicity Correct Answer-a) The study of adverse effects of various
agents causing toxicity on living organism
b) Substance causing harm, injury or death to a living organism
c) Naturally biosynthesised poison (e.g. Bacteria, fungi, animal source or
plants)
d) Toxicant = Toxins or poisons (toxic substance)
e) Measure of adverse effects induced by a toxicant
What are 2 parameters that determine in vivo toxicity? Correct Answer--
Toxicokinetics (ADME)
- Bioavailbility to toxicant
,In relation to the 2 parameters of toxicokinetics and bioavailability of
toxicant, what are the 5 factors that influence theses parameters
associated with toxicity from the toxicant? Correct Answer-1) Nature
and properties of toxicant
- e.g. Functional groups, degree of solubility and ionisation of drug can
alter the degree of toxicity (e.g. CNS toxicity if lipophilic)
2) Dose of toxicant
- e.g. Higher dose of toxicant = Increased toxicity
3) Route of exposure of toxicant
- e.g. Oral toxicants < IV toxicants (due to oral dosage undergoing
metabolic detoxfication and degradation = Decreased systemic
absorption)
4) Health status of individual
- e.g. Immunocompromised, obesity or diabetes can worsen the toxicity
effects from the toxicant.
5) Genetic make-up of the individual
- e.g. Polymorphism of individual, may not have sufficient metabolic
enzymes to detoxify the toxicant, increasing toxicity.
What is the KEY toxiolgoical concept? Correct Answer-The DOSE
makes the poison (e.g. NaCl - Harmless at low levels, very harmful at
higher levels).
, - All substances are poisons, the right dose differentiates between
toxicity or therapeutic effects.
List some examples of common toxicants? Correct Answer-1)
Therapeutic drugs
2) Toxins:
- Animal toxins
- Fungi toxins
- Microbial toxins
- Plant toxins
3) Food additives
4) Environment pollution
5) Pesticides
6) Industrial/household agents
What is the most common cause of toxicity? Accidental or conscious?
Correct Answer-Most causes of toxicity is due to accidental exposure to
a toxicant product.
What are the factors that determine whether a patient decides to
consciously expose themselves to toxicity? Correct Answer-Individuals
who purposely exposure themselves to toxicity, often undergoes a risk-
vs-benefits decision factoring the following:
1) Type of drug
2) Disease state
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