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Cellular and Molecular Immunology
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Cellular and Molecular Immunology
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Summary immunology (NWI-BB019B)
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Summary Immunology - Biology year 2
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TEST BANK FOR CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY 9TH EDITION BY ABBAS
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Test Bank For Cellular and Molecular Immunology 9th EditionBy Abul K. Abbas; Andrew H. Lichtman; Shiv Pillai
9780323479783 Chapter 1-21 Complete Guide .
Define immunity. - ANSWER: The state of protection against foreign pathogens or
substances (antigens).
Name the four main groups of pathogen. - ANSWER: 1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Parasites
Which organs are the those of primary generation and maturation? - ANSWER: The
bone marrow and the thymus.
Describe the main processes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). - ANSWER: Have
the ability to differentiate into many types of blood cells.
What is the process whereby red and white blood cells are generated? - ANSWER:
Hematopoiesis.
Give four examples of stromal cells. - ANSWER: 1. Endothelial cells of the blood
vessels
2. Macrophages
3. Osteoblasts
4. Mesenchymal stem cells
What is the purpose of secondary lymphoid organs? - ANSWER: Areas where
lymphocytes encounter pathogens, become activated, undergo clonal expansion and
differentiate into effector cells.
The spleen and lymph nodes are the only secondary lymphoid organs present in the
body.
True or False? - ANSWER: False- these also include mucosa-associated lymphoid
tissue, among other areas.
How are secondary lymphoid organs connected? - ANSWER: Via the blood and
lymphatic circulatory systems.
Why are lymph nodes diffused? - ANSWER: To guarantee that the antigens and
pathogens are detected and attacked close to the site of infection.
Why do lymph nodes swell at the point of infection? - ANSWER: Due to cell
activation.
, What is the purpose of phagocytes? - ANSWER: Engulf and destroy pathogens and
cells.
Name three phagocytic cell types. - ANSWER: 1. Monocytes and macrophages
2. Dendritic cells
3. Neutrophils (also cytotoxic)
Name a type of cell that is specialised in antigen-presenting. - ANSWER: Dendritic
cells.
Which cells are involved in the coordination of a TCR-mediated response? - ANSWER:
Helper T cells, CD4+.
Which cells are involved in antibody production? - ANSWER: B cells.
What role do mast cells and basophils have? - ANSWER: Inflammation generation.
Which cells contain strong lytic enzymes? - ANSWER: Eosinophils.
Which cells undergo somatic recombination?
Why? - ANSWER: T-cell receptor and B-cell receptors.
Allows a specific and pathogen-tailored response.
State the three main forms of lineage markers. - ANSWER: 1. Surface markers; CD4
for T helper, CD8 for cytotoxic T cells, CD19 for B cells
2. Transcription factors
3. Expression profiles
Describe the features of the primary response. - ANSWER: Initiated upon first
exposure. Innate response is faster and induces inflammation. Memory lymphocytes
are left behind after the antigen is cleared.
When is the secondary response initiated? - ANSWER: Upon second exposure to an
antigen that stimulates memory lymphocytes.
The primary response is faster and more effective than the secondary response.
True or False? - ANSWER: False- secondary response yields a faster, more significant
and better response.
Define an antigen. - ANSWER: Molecule that is recognised by B cell or T cell
receptors.
Define the innate immunity. - ANSWER: A complex of molecules, cells, physical and
chemical barriers involved in the first intervention against pathogens.
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