What is the difference in threshold between muscle and nerve fibers?
The nerve fiber has a lower threshold for activation than muscle fibers
What is the relationship between the length of a tendon and its compliance?
Longer tendons means it has more compliance
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What is the difference in threshold between muscle and nerve fibers? - ANSWER-
The nerve fiber has a lower threshold for activation than muscle fibers
What is the relationship between the length of a tendon and its compliance? -
ANSWER- Longer tendons means it has more compliance
Are nerves myelinated? - ANSWER- Yes
Are muscles myelinated? - ANSWER- No they aren't
What is curare? How does it work? - ANSWER- -A drug that if taken can produce
paralysis by interfering with neuromuscular transmission
-Using curare, you wouldn't have EMG or force
Static control - ANSWER- A balance of elastic and gravitational loads
Dynamic control - ANSWER- A balance of elastic, gravitational, inertial, and
viscous loads
How are muscle spindles wired within muscle fibers - ANSWER- In parallel
How are tendon organs wired within the muscle fiber? - ANSWER- In series
How many neurons are in the central nervous system? - ANSWER- 100 billion
Facilitation - ANSWER- The memory function of a synapse. Each time certain
types of sensory signals pass through sequences of synapses, these synapses
become more capable of transmitting the same signal the next time.
, What type of synapse are more of the synapses in the central nervous system? -
ANSWER- They are chemical, and they use neurotransmitters to act on receptor
proteins to excite the next neuron.
Electrical synapses - ANSWER- Direct open fluid channels that conduct electricity
from one cell to the next. They have gap junctions that allow free movement of
ions from the interior of one cell to the interior of another
What is an excitatory transmitter? - ANSWER- Opens cation channels
What is an inhibitory transmitter? - ANSWER- Opens anion channels
Name a type of second messenger activator and how it works. - ANSWER- -they
are used to prolong excitation or inhibition
-G-protein: attach to the membrane of the cell. It consists of 3 parts, alpha, beta,
gamma. Upon activation, the alpha portion detaches from the rest of the protein
and is free to move inside the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm, the alpha portion
of the G-protein can:
1) open specific ion channels through the postsynaptic cell membrane
2) activate cAMP or cGMP in the neuronal cell
3) activate one or more intracellular enzymes
4) activate gene transcription
What happens of you stimulate an alpha motor neuron fiber? - ANSWER- If you
stimulate a single one of them, it will excite anywhere from 3 to several hundred
skeletal muscle fibers
What is the purpose of gamma motor neurons? - ANSWER- To help control basic
muscle tone via muscle spindles.
What is the relationship between the firing quantity and number of inter neurons
to anterior motor neurons? - ANSWER- Interneurons are 30 times more numerous
and fire as rapid as 1500 times per second
What is a muscle spindle and where are they located? - ANSWER- -located in the
belly of a muscle
-sends information to the nervous system about muscle length or rate of change
of length
What are Golgi tendon organs? - ANSWER- Transmit information about tendon
tension or rate of change of tension.
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