PMLS 1 Prep Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Disease - ANSWERSit was believed to be caused by the negative interaction between the environment and the body.
Hippocrates - ANSWERSfather of medicine and author of Hippocratic Oath
Galen - ANSWERSa Greek physician and philosopher
Hippoc...
Disease - ANSWERSit was believed to be caused by the negative interaction between the environment
and the body.
Hippocrates - ANSWERSfather of medicine and author of Hippocratic Oath
Galen - ANSWERSa Greek physician and philosopher
Hippocrates & Galen - ANSWERSby around 300 BC to 180 AD, they instigated a rudimentary and
qualitative assessment of disorder through measurement of body fluids ( also called the four humors) in
relation to seasons
Four humors - ANSWERSblood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
Urine - ANSWERSit was one of the body fluids that underwent examination
Hippocrates - ANSWERShe advocated the tasting of urine, listening to the lungs, and observing outward
appearances in the diagnosis of disease. He concluded that the appearance of bubbles, blood, and pus in
urine indicated kidney disease and chronic illnesses.
Galen - ANSWERShe described diabetes as "diarrhea of urine" and established the relationship between
fluid intake and urine volume
Uroscopy - ANSWERSit is a diagnosis by "water casting" that was widely practiced in medieval Europe
900 AD - ANSWERSBy ___________, the first book detailing the characteristics of urine (e.g. color,
density, quality) was written.
,Early 11th century - ANSWERSIn _________________, medical practitioners were not allowed to
conduct physical examination of the patient's body. Thus, they relied solely on the patient's description
of symptoms and their observations.
18th century - ANSWERSBy the ____________, mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection were used
to provide a more objective and accurate diagnosis and to understand the insides of the body.
19th century - ANSWERSIn the ___________, physicians began using machines for diagnosis and
therapeutics. Among these devices were John Hutchinson's spirometer for measuring the vital capacity
of the lungs, and Jules Herisson's sphygmomanometer for measuring blood pressure. Also, the use of
chemistry was pivotal in the diagnosis of diabetes, anemia, diphteria, and syphilis during this period.
1969 - ANSWERSin this year, 80% of medical professionals were non-physicians.
Sthethoscope - ANSWERSfirst diagnostic medical breakthrough invented by [Rene Laennec] ; used to
acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats ; was invented in 1816
Microscope - ANSWERSdeveloped for medical purposes due to advances in lenses and lower costs; the
first practical microscope was devised by [Antonie van Leeuwenhoek] ; was invented in 1840
Ophtalmoscope - ANSWERSfirst visual technology invented by [Hermann von Helmholz] ; was invented in
1850
Laryngoscope - ANSWERSdevised by [Manuel Garcia] using two mirrors to observe the throat and
larynx ; was invented in 1855
X-ray - ANSWERSinvented by [Wilhelm Roentgen] when he discovered by accident that radiation could
penetrate solid objects of low density; allowed physicians to view the inside of the body without surgery;
used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis since World War II; was invented in 1859
Electrocardiograph - ANSWERSdeveloped by [William Einthoven] to measure electrical changes during
the beating of the heart; was invented in 1903
,Kenny method - ANSWERSserved as the pioneering work for modern physical therapy; devised by
[Elizabeth Kenny] in the treatment of polio (then called infantile paralysis) using hot packs and muscle
manipulation; prompted the invention of a new stretcher (called Sylvia stretcher in 1927) intended for
transporting patients in shock; was invented in 1910
Drinker respirator - ANSWERSinvented by [Philip Drinker] to help patients with paralytic anterior
poliomyelitis recover normal respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator; was invented in 1927
Heart-lung machine - ANSWERSfirst visual technology invented by [Hermann von Helmholz] ; was
invented in 1939
Cardiac catheterization and Angiography - ANSWERSfirst operated by [Forsmann] in 1929; developed by
[Moniz, Reboul , Rousthoi] between 1930 and 1940; discovered as safe method in humans by [Cournard]
in 1941; made seeing the heart, lungs vessels, and valves possible through inserting a canula in an arm
vein and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque dye for X-ray visualization
Electron microscope - ANSWERSgave way to the visualization of small cells including tumor cells.
University of Pennsylvania's William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine - ANSWERSit was opened to
highlight the service role of clinical laboratories.
John Kolmer - ANSWERShe called for the development of a method that would certify medical
technologists on a national scale.
The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians - ANSWERSthis was published by Kolmer that
included a description of the first formal training course in Medical Technology.
1920 - ANSWERSIn this year, the administrative units of clinical laboratories in large hospitals were
directed by a chief physician. During this time, clinical laboratories consisted of 4 to 5 divisions including
clinical pathology, bacteriology, microbiology, serology, and radiology.
American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) - ANSWERSit was founded in 1922 with the objective of
encouraging the cooperation between physicians and clinical pathologists as well as maintaining the
status of clinical pathologists.
, It also established the code of ethics for technicians and technologists stating that these allied health
professionals should work under the supervision of a physician and refrain from making oral or written
diagnosis and advising physicians on how patients should be treated.
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science - ANSWERSformerly the American Society for Medical
Technologists; was originally formed as a subgroup of ASCP; helped in the recognition of non-physician
clinical laboratory scientists as autonomous professionals
1950s - ANSWERSin this period of time, medical technologists in the United States sought professional
recognition from the government of their educational qualifications through licensure laws.
Hospital Real in Cebu - ANSWERSthe first hospital that Spaniards established in the year of 1565; it was
moved to Manila to cater to military patients.
San Lazaro Hospital - ANSWERSit was built by the Franciscans in 1578 for the poor and lepers
Hospital de San Juan de Dios - ANSWERSit was founded for poor Spaniards in 1596
Hospital de San Jose - ANSWERSthis hospital was founded in Cavite in 1641.
University of Santo Tomas - ANSWERSIt was founded by the Dominicans in 1611, which in 1871
established the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine
Boletin de Medicina de Manila (1886)
Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas (1893)
Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas (1895) - ANSWERSjournals of science and medicine that were published
with the establishment of both health and educational institutions (UST)
122 regular vaccinators (vacunadores) - ANSWERSthe central board of vaccination which started
producing and distributing vaccine lymph in 1806 had ___________ in Manila and other major towns by
1898.
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